Date: Fri, 25 Dec 20 01:22:20 GMT Subject: hep-th daily 17 new + 12 crosses received by eprepget ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Send any comments regarding submissions directly to submitter. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Archives at http://arxiv.org/ To unsubscribe, e-mail To: hep-th@arXiv.org, Subject: cancel ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ received by eprepget from Wed 23 Dec 20 19:00:00 GMT to Thu 24 Dec 20 19:00:00 GMT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.12938 Date: Wed, 23 Dec 2020 20:03:20 GMT (136kb) Title: S-matrices from 4d worldvolume Authors: Warren Siegel Categories: hep-th Comments: 21 pp., lualatex source available @ http://insti.physics.sunysb.edu/~siegel/tex.shtml Report-no: YITP-SB-2020-42 \\ We give an example of how conformal field theory methods in worldvolumes of dimension d > 2 could be used to calculate string-like amplitudes. The worldvolume propagator's logarithmic behavior is based on the use of worldvolume superspace (rather than the worldvolume ghost coordinates of a previous paper). Massless states have maximum spin d. Unitarity is not studied. We also touch on some related topics for ordinary spinning strings: calculating closed-string trees in worldsheet superspace, and zeroth-quantization of OSp(1|2) with zero-mode ghosts only. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.12938 , 136kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13001 Date: Wed, 23 Dec 2020 22:05:52 GMT (18kb) Title: On fluxbrane polynomials for generalized Melvin-like solutions associated with rank 5 Lie algebras Authors: S. V. Bolokhov and V. D. Ivashchuk Categories: hep-th gr-qc Comments: 13 pages, 1 figure, LaTex. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1912.08083, arXiv:1709.09663 Report-no: CGFM-IGC-2020-12-2 \\ We consider generalized Melvin-like solutions corresponding to Lie algebras of rank $5$ ($A_5$, $B_5$, $C_5$, $D_5$). The solutions take place in $D$-dimensional gravitational model with five Abelian 2-forms and five scalar fields. They are governed by five moduli functions $H_s(z)$ ($s = 1,...,5$) of squared radial coordinate $z=\rho^2$ obeying five differential master equations. The moduli functions are polynomials of powers $(n_1, n_2, n_3, n_4, n_5) = (5,8,9,8,5), (10,18,24,28,15), (9,16,21,24,25), (8,14,18,10,10)$ for Lie algebras $A_5$, $B_5$, $C_5$, $D_5$ respectively. The asymptotic behaviour for the polynomials at large distances is governed by some integer-valued $5 \times 5$ matrix $\nu$ connected in a certain way with the inverse Cartan matrix of the Lie algebra and (in $A_5$ and $D_5$ cases) with the matrix representing a generator of the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-group of symmetry of the Dynkin diagram. The symmetry and duality identities for polynomials are obtained, as well as asymptotic relations for solutions at large distances. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13001 , 18kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13076 Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2020 02:56:26 GMT (29kb,D) Title: Symmetry and Unification from Soft Theorems and Unitarity Authors: Clifford Cheung and Zander Moss Categories: hep-th hep-ph Comments: 24 pages Report-no: CALT-TH-2020-060 \\ We argue that symmetry and unification can emerge as byproducts of certain physical constraints on dynamical scattering. To accomplish this we parameterize a general Lorentz invariant, four-dimensional theory of massless and massive scalar fields coupled via arbitrary local interactions. Assuming perturbative unitarity and an Adler zero condition, we prove that any finite spectrum of massless and massive modes will necessarily unify at high energies into multiplets of a linearized symmetry. Certain generators of the symmetry algebra can be derived explicitly in terms of the spectrum and three-particle interactions. Furthermore, our assumptions imply that the coset space is symmetric. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13076 , 29kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13094 Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2020 04:25:33 GMT (54kb) Title: The Wilson-loop $d \log$ representation for Feynman integrals Authors: Song He, Zhenjie Li, Yichao Tang, Qinglin Yang Categories: hep-th hep-ph Comments: 34 pages, many figures \\ We introduce and study the Wilson-loop ${\rm d}\log$ representation of certain Feynman integrals for scattering amplitudes in ${\cal N}=4$ SYM and beyond, which makes their evaluation completely straightforward. Such a representation was motivated by the dual Wilson loop picture, and it can also be derived by partial Feynman parametrization of loop integrals. We first introduce it for the simplest one-loop examples, the chiral pentagon in four dimensions and the three-mass-easy hexagon in six dimensions, which are represented by two- and three-fold ${\rm d}\log$ integrals that are nicely related to each other. For multi-loop examples, we write the $L$-loop generalized penta-ladders as $2(L{-}1)$-fold ${\rm d}\log$ integrals of some one-loop integral, so that once the latter is known, the integration can be performed in a systematic way. In particular, we write the eight-point penta-ladder as a $2L$-fold ${\rm d}\log$ integral whose symbol can be computed without performing the integration; we also obtain the last entries and the symbol alphabet of these integrals. Similarly we compute and study the symbol of the seven-point double-penta-ladder, which is represented by a $2(L{-}1)$-fold integral of a hexagon; the latter can be written as a two-fold ${\rm d}\log$ integral plus a boundary term. We comment on the relation of our representation to differential equations and resum the ladders by solving certain integral equations. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13094 , 54kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13209 Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2020 11:58:58 GMT (20kb) Title: $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM, Argyres-Douglas Theories, and an Exact Graded Vector Space Isomorphism Authors: Matthew Buican and Takahiro Nishinaka Categories: hep-th math.QA math.RT Comments: 11 pages; 5 figures Report-no: QMUL-PH-20-36 \\ In this first of two papers, we explain in detail the simplest example of a broader set of relations between apparently very different theories. Our example relates $\mathfrak{su}(2)$ $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills (SYM) to a theory we call "$(3,2)$." This latter theory is an exactly marginal diagonal $SU(2)$ gauging of three $D_3(SU(2))$ Argyres-Douglas (AD) theories. We begin by observing that the Schur indices of these two theories are related by an algebraic transformation that is surprisingly reminiscent of index transformations describing spontaneous symmetry breaking on the Higgs branch. However, this transformation breaks half the supersymmetry of the SYM theory as well as its full $\mathcal{N}=2$ $SU(2)_F$ flavor symmetry. Moreover, it does so in an interesting way when viewed through the lens of the corresponding 2D vertex operator algebras (VOAs): affine currents of the small $\mathcal{N}=4$ super-Virasoro algebra at $c=-9$ get mapped to the $\mathcal{A}(6)$ stress tensor and some of its conformal descendants, while the extra supersymmetry currents on the $\mathcal{N}=4$ side get mapped to higher-dimensional fermionic currents and their descendants on the $\mathcal{A}(6)$ side. We prove these relations are facets of an exact graded vector space isomorphism (GVSI) between these two VOAs. This GVSI respects the $U(1)_r$ charge of the parent 4D theories. We briefly sketch how more general $\mathfrak{su}(N)$ $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM theories are related to an infinite class of AD theories via generalizations of our example. We conclude by showing that, in this class of theories, the $\mathcal{A}(6)$ VOA saturates a new inequality on the number of strong generators. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13209 , 20kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13263 Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2020 14:12:34 GMT (40kb) Title: Non-abelian U-duality at work Authors: Edvard T. Musaev and Yuho Sakatani Categories: hep-th Comments: 38p \\ Non-abelian U-duality originates from the construction of exceptional Drinfel'd algebra (EDA), which extends the constriction of the classical Drinfel'd double. This symmetry is a natural extension of Poisson--Lie T-duality and is believed to be a symmetry of Type II string/M-theory or their low-energy effective theories. In this paper, we consider non-abelian U-dualities of 11- or 10-dimensional backgrounds starting with $\mathrm{E}_{n(n)}$ EDA with $n\leq 6$ with vanishing trombone gauging. The latter guarantees that all dual backgrounds satisfy the standard supergravity equations of motion. In particular, when the duality includes a timelike T-duality, we obtain solutions of M$^*$-theory or Type II$^*$ background equations, as expected. Also starting with coboundary EDA's we provide examples of generalised Yang--Baxter deformations of M-theory and Type IIB backgrounds. The obtained results provide explicit examples when non-abelian U-duality works well as a solution generating transformation. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13263 , 40kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13264 Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2020 14:14:30 GMT (34kb) Title: Surface terms in effective action of O-plane at order $\alpha'^2$ Authors: Yaser Akou, Mohammad R. Garousi Categories: hep-th Comments: 37 pages, Latex file, no figure \\ The effective action of string theory has both bulk and boundary terms if the spacetime is an open manifold. Recently, the known classical effective action of string theory at the leading order of $\alpha'$ and its corresponding boundary action have been reproduced by constraining the effective actions to be invariant under gauge transformations and under string duality transformations. In this paper, we use this idea to find the classical effective action of the O-plane and its corresponding boundary terms in type II superstring theories at order $\alpha'^2$ and for NS-NS couplings. We find that these constraints fix the bulk action and its corresponding boundary terms up to one overall factor. They also produce three multiplets in the boundary action that their coefficients are independent of the bulk couplings under the string dualities. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13264 , 34kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13271 Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2020 14:22:59 GMT (1769kb) Title: Critical behavior of charged AdS black holes surrounded by quintessence via an alternative phase space Authors: S. H. Hendi and Kh. Jafarzade Categories: hep-th gr-qc Comments: 22 pages, 13 figures \\ Considering the variable cosmological constant in the extended phase space has a significant background in the black hole physics. It was shown that the thermodynamic behavior of charged AdS black hole surrounded by the quintessence in the extended phase space is similar to the van der Waals fluid. In this paper, we indicate that such a black hole admits the same criticality and van der Waals like behavior in the non-extended phase space. In other words, we keep the cosmological constant as a fixed parameter, and instead, we consider the normalization factor as a thermodynamic variable. We show that there is a first-order small/large black hole phase transition which is analogous to the liquid/gas phase transition in fluids. We introduce a new picture of the equation of state and then we calculate the corresponding critical quantities. Moreover, we obtain the critical exponents and show that they are the same values as the van der Waals system. Finally, we study the photon sphere and the shadow observed by a distant observer and investigate how the shadow radius may be affected by the variation of black hole parameters. We also investigate the relations between shadow radius and phase transitions and calculate the critical shadow radius where the black hole undergoes a second-order phase transition. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13271 , 1769kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13285 Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2020 14:58:19 GMT (14kb) Title: Fractional black $p$-branes on orbifold ${\mathbb C}^n/{\mathbb Z}_n$ Authors: Muneto Nitta, Kunihito Uzawa Categories: hep-th gr-qc Comments: 15 pages \\ The recent discovery of an explicit solution of a black hole on the resolved orbifold ${\mathbb C}^n/{\mathbb Z}_n$ makes it possible to investigate the existence of $p$-branes on the orbifold. In particular, it is possible with reasonable precision to verify the prediction that an M2-brane on ${\mathbb C}^4/{\mathbb Z}_4$ in eleven dimensions and a D3-brane on ${\mathbb C}^3/{\mathbb Z}_3$ in ten dimensions have a family of black $p$-branes on the orbifold ${\mathbb C}^n/{\mathbb Z}_n$. These solutions are extremal and have regular horizons $S^{2n-1}/{\mathbb Z}_n$ without any naked singularity, with near horizon geometries AdS${}_{p+2}\times S^{2n-1}/{\mathbb Z}_n$. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13285 , 14kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13303 Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2020 16:00:19 GMT (53kb,D) Title: More on topological vertex formalism for 5-brane webs with O5-plane Authors: Hirotaka Hayashi, Rui-Dong Zhu Categories: hep-th math-ph math.MP Comments: 41+12 pages Report-no: DIAS-STP-20-10 \\ We propose a concrete form of a vertex function, which we call O-vertex, for the intersection between an O5-plane and a 5-brane in the topological vertex formalism, as an extension of the work of arXiv:1709.01928. Using the O-vertex it is possible to compute the Nekrasov partition functions of 5d theories realized on any 5-brane web diagrams with O5-planes. We apply our proposal to 5-brane webs with an O5-plane and compute the partition functions of pure SO($N$) gauge theories and the pure $G_2$ gauge theory. The obtained results agree with the results known in the literature. We also compute the partition function of the pure SU(3) gauge theory with the Chern-Simons level $9$. At the end we rewrite the O-vertex in a form of a vertex operator. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13303 , 53kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13308 Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2020 16:11:33 GMT (3438kb,D) Title: The 300 "Correlators" Suggests 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 SUSY Is a Solution to a Set of Sudoku Puzzles Authors: Aleksander J. Cianciara, S. James Gates, Jr., Yangrui Hu, and Renee Kirk Categories: hep-th Comments: LaTeX twice, 37 pages, 14 figures, 28 tables \\ A conjecture is made that the weight space for 4D, $\cal N$-extended supersymmetrical representations is embedded within the permutahedra associated with permutation groups ${\mathbb{S}}{}_{d}$. Adinkras and Coxeter Groups associated with minimal representations of 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 supersymmetry provide evidence supporting this conjecture. It is shown the appearance of the mathematics of 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 minimal off-shell supersymmetry representations is equivalent to solving a four color problem on the truncated octahedron. This observation suggest an entirely new way to approach the off-shell SUSY auxiliary field problem based on IT algorithms probing the properties of ${\mathbb{S}}{}_{d}$. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13308 , 3438kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13312 Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2020 16:16:00 GMT (8kb) Title: Derive Lovelock Gravity from String Theory in Cosmological Background Authors: Peng Wang, Houwen Wu, Haitang Yang, Shuxuan Ying Categories: hep-th gr-qc hep-ph Comments: 4 pages Report-no: CTP-SCU/2020043 \\ It was proved more than two decades ago, that the first order $\alpha'$ correction of string effective theory could be written as the Gauss-Bonnet term, which is the quadratic term of Lovelock gravity. In cosmological background, with an appropriate field redefinition, we reorganize the infinite $\alpha'$ corrections of string effective action into a finite term expression for any specific dimension. This finite term expression matches Lovelock gravity exactly and thus fix the couplings of Lovelock gravity by the coefficients of string effective action. This result thus provides a strong support to string theory. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13312 , 8kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13323 Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2020 16:49:50 GMT (26kb) Title: The first law of heterotic stringy black hole mechanics at zeroth order in alpha prime Authors: Zachary Elgood, Dimitrios Mitsios, Tom\'as Ort\'in and David Pere\~n\'iguez Categories: hep-th gr-qc Comments: 29 pages Report-no: IFT-UAM/CSIC-20-181 \\ We re-derive the first law of black hole mechanics in the context of the Heterotic Superstring effective action compactified on a torus to leading order in alpha prime, using Wald's formalism, covariant Lie derivatives and momentum maps. The Kalb-Ramond field strength of this theory has Abelian Chern-Simons terms which induce Nicolai-Townsend transformations of the Kalb-Ramond field. We show how to deal with all these gauge symmetries deriving the first law in terms of manifestly gauge-invariant quantities. In presence of Chern-Simons terms, several definitions of the conserved charges exist, but the formalism picks up only one of them to play a role in the first law. This work is a first step towards the derivation of the first law at first order in alpha prime where, more complicated, non-Abelian, Lorentz ("gravitational") and Yang-Mills Chern-Simons terms are included in the Kalb-Ramond field strength. The derivation of a first law is a necessary step towards the derivation of a manifestly gauge-invariant entropy formula which is still lacking in the literature. In its turn, this entropy formula is needed to compare unambiguously macroscopic and microscopic black hole entropies. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13323 , 26kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13356 Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2020 17:43:14 GMT (307kb) Title: Soft Theorems from Boundary Terms in the Classical Point Particle Currents Authors: Colby DeLisle, Jordan Wilson-Gerow, Philip Stamp Categories: hep-th gr-qc \\ Soft factorization has been shown to hold to sub-leading order in QED and to sub-sub-leading order in perturbative quantum gravity, with various loop and non-universal corrections that can be found. Here we show that all terms factorizing at tree level can be uniquely identified as boundary terms that exist already in the classical expressions for the electric current and stress tensor of a point particle. Further, we show that one cannot uniquely identify such boundary terms beyond the sub-leading or sub-sub-leading orders respectively, providing evidence that the "universality" of the tree level soft factor only holds to these orders. Finally, we show that these boundary terms factor out of all tree level amplitudes as expected, in a theory where gravitons couple to a scalar field. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13356 , 307kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13358 Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2020 17:43:50 GMT (89kb,D) Title: Hamiltonian dynamics of gonihedric string theory Authors: Alberto Molgado and Efrain Rojas Categories: hep-th Comments: 24 pages, 1 figure MSC-class: 81T30, 53Z05, 70H50, 70H45 \\ We develop in a consistent manner the Ostrogradski-Hamilton framework for gonihedric string theory. The local action describing this model, being invariant under reparametrizations, depends on the modulus of the mean extrinsic curvature of the worldsheet swept out by the string, and thus we are confronted with a genuine second-order in derivatives field theory. In our geometric approach, we consider the embedding functions as the field variables and, even though the highly non-linear dependence of the action on these variables, we are able to complete the classical analysis of the emerging constraints for which, after implementing a Dirac bracket, we are able to identify both the gauge transformations and the proper physical degrees of freedom of the model. The Ostrogradski-Hamilton framework is thus considerable robust as one may recover in a straightforward and consistent manner some existing results reported in the literature. Further, in consequence of our geometrical treatment, we are able to unambiguously recover as a by-product the Hamiltonian approach for a particular relativistic point-particle limit associated with the gonihedric string action, that is, a model linearly depending on the first Frenet-Serret curvature. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13358 , 89kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13397 Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2020 18:58:26 GMT (2692kb,D) Title: Entanglement entropy and edge modes in topological string theory II: The dual gauge theory story Authors: Yikun Jiang, Manki Kim, and Gabriel Wong Categories: hep-th gr-qc math-ph math.MP Comments: 53 pages , 23 figures \\ This is the second in a two-part paper devoted to studying entanglement entropy and edge modes in the A model topological string theory. This theory enjoys a gauge-string (Gopakumar-Vafa) duality which is a topological analogue of AdS/CFT. In part 1, we defined a notion of generalized entropy for the topological closed string theory on the resolved conifold. We provided a canonical interpretation of the generalized entropy in terms of the q-deformed entanglement entropy of the Hartle-Hawking state. We found string edge modes transforming under a quantum group symmetry and interpreted them as entanglement branes. In this work, we provide the dual Chern-Simons gauge theory description. Using Gopakumar-Vafa duality, we map the closed string theory Hartle-Hawking state to a Chern-Simons theory state containing a superposition of Wilson loops. These Wilson loops are dual to closed string worldsheets that determine the partition function of the resolved conifold. We show that the undeformed entanglement entropy due to cutting these Wilson loops reproduces the bulk generalized entropy and therefore captures the entanglement underlying the bulk spacetime. Finally, we show that under the Gopakumar-Vafa duality, the bulk entanglement branes are mapped to a configuration of topological D-branes, and the non-local entanglement boundary condition in the bulk is mapped to a local boundary condition in the gauge theory dual. This suggests that the geometric transition underlying the gauge-string duality may also be responsible for the emergence of entanglement branes. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13397 , 2692kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13401 Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2020 18:59:53 GMT (100kb,D) Title: Matter representations from geometry: under the spell of Dynkin Authors: Mboyo Esole, Monica Jinwoo Kang Categories: hep-th math-ph math.MP math.RT Comments: 66 pages, 14 tables, 10 figures Report-no: CALT-TH-2020-057 \\ In the traditional Katz-Vafa method, matter representations are determined by decomposing the adjoint representation of a parent simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{m}$ as the direct sum of irreducible representations of a semisimple subalgebra $\mathfrak{g}$. The Katz-Vafa method becomes ambiguous as soon as $\mathfrak{m}$ contains several subalgebras isomorphic to $\mathfrak{g}$ but giving different decompositions of the adjoint representation. We propose a selection rule that characterizes the matter representations observed in generic constructions in F-theory and M-theory: the matter representations in generic F-theory compactifications correspond to linear equivalence classes of subalgebras $\mathfrak{g}\subset \mathfrak{m}$ with Dynkin index one along each simple components of $\mathfrak{g}$. This simple yet elegant selection rule allows us to apply the Katz-Vafa method to a much large class of models. We illustrate on numerous examples how this proposal streamlines the derivation of matter representations in F-theory and resolves previously ambiguous cases. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13401 , 100kb) %-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%-%- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.12902 (*cross-listing*) Date: Wed, 23 Dec 2020 19:00:02 GMT (610kb,D) Title: BlackHawk: A tool for computing Black Hole evaporation Authors: J\'er\'emy Auffinger, Alexandre Arbey Categories: gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th Comments: 11 pages, 3 figures. To be published in the proceedings of "Tools for High Energy Physics and Cosmology - TOOLS2020", Lyon, France \\ We present the public code \texttt{BlackHawk}, a powerful tool to compute the evaporation of any distribution of Schwarzschild and Kerr Black Holes and the emission spectra of Hawking radiation. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.12902 , 610kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.12903 (*cross-listing*) Date: Wed, 23 Dec 2020 19:00:03 GMT (344kb,D) Title: Decoherence from General Relativity Authors: Itamar J. Allali, Mark P. Hertzberg Categories: gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-ph hep-th quant-ph Comments: 50 pages, 1 figure \\ It is of great interest to explore matter in nontrivial quantum arrangements, including Schrodinger cat-like states. Such states are sensitive to decoherence from their environment. Recently, in Ref. [1] we computed the rate of decoherence of a piece of superposed matter that primarily only interacts gravitationally, a dark-matter-Schrodinger-cat-state (DMSCS), within the nonrelativistic approximation. In this work we improve this to a general relativistic analysis. We firstly derive a single particle relativistic Schrodinger equation for a probe particle that passes through the DMSCS; the interaction is provided by the weak field metric of general relativity from the source. For a static DMSCS we find a neat generalization of our previous results. We then turn to the interesting new case of a time dependent DMSCS, which can be provided by a coherently oscillating axion field leading to superposed time dependent oscillations in the metric; a truly quantum-general relativistic phenomenon. We use scattering theory to derive the decoherence rate in all these cases. When the DMSCS is in a superposition of distinct density profiles, we find that the decoherence rate can be appreciable. We then consider the novel special case in which the density is not in a superposition, but the phase of its field oscillation is; this is a property that cannot be decohered within the nonrelativistic framework. We find that if the probe particle and/or the DMSCS's velocity dispersion is slow, then the rate of decoherence of the phase is exponentially suppressed. However, if both the probe and the DMSCS's velocity dispersion are relativistic, then the phase can decohere more rapidly. As applications, we find that diffuse galactic axions with superposed phases are robust against decoherence, while dense boson stars and regions near black hole horizons are not, and we discuss implications for experiment. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.12903 , 344kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.12906 (*cross-listing*) Date: Wed, 23 Dec 2020 19:00:09 GMT (4146kb,D) Title: Topology of SO(5)-monopoles and three-dimensional, stable Dirac semimetals Authors: Alexander C. Tyner, Shouvik Sur, Danilo Puggioni, James M. Rondinelli, and Pallab Goswami Categories: cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.str-el hep-lat hep-th Comments: 19 pages, 8 figures \\ The band-touching points of stable, three-dimensional, Kramers-degenerate, Dirac semimetals are singularities of a five-component, unit vector field and non-Abelian, $SO(5)$-Berry's connections, whose topological classification is an important, open problem. We solve this problem by performing second homotopy classification of Berry's connections. Using Abelian projected connections, the generic planes, orthogonal to the direction of nodal separation, and lying between two Dirac points are shown to be higher-order topological insulators, which support quantized, chromo-magnetic flux or relative Chern number, and gapped, edge states. The Dirac points are identified as a pair of unit-strength, $SO(5)$- monopole and anti-monopole, where the relative Chern number jumps by $\pm 1$. Using these bulk invariants, we determine the topological universality class of different types of Dirac semimetals. We also describe a universal recipe for computing quantized, non-Abelian flux for Dirac materials from the windings of spectra of planar Wilson loops, displaying $SO(5)$-gauge invariance. With non-perturbative, analytical solutions of surface-states, we show the absence of helical Fermi arcs, and predict the fermiology and the spin-orbital textures. We also discuss the similarities and important topological distinction between the surface-states Hamiltonian and the generator of Polyakov loop of Berry's connections. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.12906 , 4146kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.12914 (*cross-listing*) Date: Wed, 23 Dec 2020 19:03:16 GMT (289kb,D) Title: Shadow analysis for rotating black holes in the presence of plasma for an expanding universe Authors: Abhishek Chowdhuri, Arpan Bhattacharyya Categories: gr-qc astro-ph.HE hep-th Comments: 25 pages, 5 figures, 1 table \\ We explore the structure of shadow for a Kerr-de Sitter black hole with a non-magnetized, pressureless plasma surrounding it. Specific plasma distributions are considered to separate the Hamilton-Jacobi equation and find the photon regions. An analytic formula describing the boundary curve of the shadow for such a black hole in an expanding universe for an observer at any finite point outside the horizon is derived. We observe deviations which are further explored by calculating the curvature radius at a particular point for such structures in the presence and absence of plasma and calculate the diameter of the shadow. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.12914 , 289kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.12918 (*cross-listing*) Date: Wed, 23 Dec 2020 19:07:40 GMT (70kb,A) Title: Gravitational scattering at the seventh order in $G$: nonlocal contribution at the sixth post-Newtonian accuracy Authors: Donato Bini, Thibault Damour, Andrea Geralico, Stefano Laporta, Pierpaolo Mastrolia Categories: gr-qc hep-th Comments: This paper is a significantly extended version of our previous, separate arxiv submission "Gravitational dynamics at O(G^6): perturbative gravitational scattering meets experimental mathematics" e-Print: 2008.09389 [gr-qc]. The most significant extension is that we now present results at the 7th order in G. 24 pages; revtex macros used; 1 ancillary file \\ A recently introduced approach to the classical gravitational dynamics of binary systems involves intricate integrals (linked to a combination of nonlocal-in-time interactions with iterated $\frac1r$-potential scattering) which have so far resisted attempts at their analytical evaluation. By using computing techniques developed for the evaluation of multi-loop Feynman integrals (notably Harmonic Polylogarithms and Mellin transform) we show how to analytically compute all the integrals entering the nonlocal-in-time contribution to the classical scattering angle at the sixth post-Newtonian accuracy, and at the seventh order in Newton's constant, $G$ (corresponding to six-loop graphs in the diagrammatic representation of the classical scattering angle). \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.12918 , 70kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13008 (*cross-listing*) Date: Wed, 23 Dec 2020 22:36:48 GMT (555kb,D) Title: Refining the general comparison theorem for Klein-Gordon equation Authors: Richard L. Hall, Hassan Harb Categories: math-ph hep-th math.MP quant-ph Comments: 16 pages and 9 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1906.08762 Report-no: CUQM - 161 \\ By recasting the Klein--Gordon equation as an eigen-equation in the coupling parameter $v > 0,$ the basic Klein--Gordon comparison theorem may be written $f_1\leq f_2\implies G_1(E)\leq G_2(E)$, where $f_1$ and $f_2$, are the monotone non-decreasing shapes of two central potentials $V_1(r) = v_1\,f_1(r)$ and $V_2(r) = v_2\, f_2(r)$ on $[0,\infty)$. Meanwhile $v_1 = G_1(E)$ and $v_2 = G_2(E)$ are the corresponding coupling parameters that are functions of the energy $E\in(-m,\,m)$. We weaken the sufficient condition for the ground-state spectral ordering by proving (for example in $d=1$ dimension) that if $\int_0^x\big[f_2(t) - f_1(t)\big]\varphi_i(t)dt\geq 0$, the couplings remain ordered $v_1 \leq v_2$ where $i = 1\, {\rm or}\, 2, $ and $\{\varphi_1, \varphi_2\}$ are the ground-states corresponding respectively to the couplings $\{v_1,\, v_2\}$ for a given $E \in (-m,\, m).$. This result is extended to spherically symmetric radial potentials in $ d > 1 $ dimensions. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13008 , 555kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13020 (*cross-listing*) Date: Wed, 23 Dec 2020 23:10:04 GMT (694kb,D) Title: Conformal Weyl gravity via two stages of quasinormal ringing and late-time behavior Authors: R. A. Konoplya Categories: gr-qc astro-ph.HE hep-th Comments: 7 pages, 4 figures, revtex \\ Black hole (BH) solution in the conformal Weyl gravity is a generalization of the Schwarzschild spacetime which includes two additional constants appearing when integrating the third order differential equations for gravitational field. One constant looks like the effective cosmological constant providing the de Sitter asymptotic of the solution. The other constant allows one to describe flat rotation of galaxies without introducing of the dark matter. Here we show that the effective "dark matter" term in the metric function drastically changes the asymptotic behavior of the evolution of the wave function of a scalar field: after the Schwarzschild-like ringing phase, the ringing at another, non-Schwarzschildian, longer-lived frequency takes place before the beginning of the exponential asymptotic tail. Thus the evolution of the scalar field consists of the three qualitatively different stages: the Schwarzschild-like ringing phase, the effective dark matter ringing phase and the de Sitter phase characterized by exponential tails. The late time behavior of the electromagnetic field is qualitatively different as well: the exponential tails appear even in the absence of the effective de Sitter term. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13020 , 694kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13172 (*cross-listing*) Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2020 08:55:52 GMT (1793kb,D) Title: Information Scrambling and Chaos in Open Quantum Systems Authors: Paolo Zanardi and Namit Anand Categories: quant-ph cond-mat.dis-nn hep-th Comments: Preliminary version, comments welcome \\ Out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) have been extensively used over the last few years to study information scrambling and quantum chaos in many-body systems. In this paper, we extend the formalism of the averaged bipartite OTOC of Styliaris et al [arXiv:2007.08570] (to appear in {Phys. Rev. Lett.}) to the case of open quantum systems. The dynamics is no longer unitary but is described by more general quantum channels (trace preserving, completely positive maps). This "open bipartite OTOC" can be treated in an exact analytical fashion and is shown to amount to a distance between two quantum channels. Moreover, our analytical form unravels competing entropic contributions from information scrambling and environmental decoherence such that the latter can obfuscate the former. We analytically study special classes of quantum channels, namely, dephasing channels, entanglement-breaking channels, and others to elucidate this interplay. And finally, as a physical application we numerically study these competing entropic contributions in dissipative many-body spin-chains with integrable and chaotic regimes. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13172 , 1793kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13193 (*cross-listing*) Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2020 10:46:14 GMT (724kb) Title: Mode analysis of cosmological perturbations with the $E$-model $\alpha$-attractor inflaton potentials Authors: Arunoday Sarkar, Chitrak Sarkar and Buddhadeb Ghosh Categories: gr-qc hep-th Comments: 12 figures, 14 pages \\ We have carried out detailed $k$-mode analysis of single-inflaton slow-roll inflationary perturbations including quantum fluctuations by setting up non-linear coupled differential equations of inflaton field ($\phi$), its perturbation ($\delta\phi$) and the metric perturbation (the Bardeen potential, $\Phi_B$), and calculated the number of e-folds ($N$), scalar spectral index ($n_s$), tensor spectral index ($n_h$), scalar power spectrum ($\Delta_s$), tensor power spectrum ($\Delta_h$), tensor-to-scalar ratio ($r$) and the Hubble parameter ($H$) for different $k$ values at the horizon crossing. In these calculations we have employed the $E$-model $\alpha$-attractor potentials which are found to display slow-roll behaviour. The values of $n_s$ and $r$ obtained by us are consistent with those given by the well-known universal $\alpha$-attractor formulae. We got $n_s = 0.956908$ and $r= 0.005571 $ at $k = 10^6$ Planck unit for the value of the potential parameter $n = 1$. These can be compared with the Planck-2018 data viz., $n_s = 0.9649\pm 0.0042$ at $68\%$ CL, $r<0.064$ at $95\%$ CL and ACT-2020 data viz., $n_s = 0.9691\pm 0.0041$ at $68\%$ CL. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13193 , 724kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13205 (*cross-listing*) Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2020 11:49:17 GMT (12kb) Title: The gravitino problem in Extended Gravity cosmologies Authors: Salvatore Capozziello and Gaetano Lambiase Categories: gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th Comments: 7 pages \\ The gravitino problem is investigated in the framework of Extended Gravity cosmologies. In particular, we consider $f(R)$ gravity, the most natural extension of the Hilbert-Einstein action, and $f(\cal T)$ gravity, the extension of teleparallel equivalent gravity. Since in these theories the expansion laws of the Universe are modified, as compared to the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmology, it follows that also the thermal history of particles gets modified. We show that $f(R)$ models allow to avoid the late abundance of gravitinos. In particular, we found that for an appropriate choice of the parameters characterizing the $f(R)$ model, the gravitino abundance turns out to be independent of the reheating temperature. A similar behavior is achieved also in the context of $f(\cal T)$ gravity. In this perspective, we can conclude that geometric corrections to standard General Relativity (and to Teleparallel Equivalent of General Relativity) can improve shortcomings both in cosmology and in unified theories beyond the Standard Model of particles. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13205 , 12kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13246 (*cross-listing*) Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2020 13:29:52 GMT (104kb) Title: Reconfinement, localization and thermal monopoles in $SU(3)$ trace-deformed Yang-Mills theory Authors: Claudio Bonati, Marco Cardinali, Massimo D'Elia, Matteo Giordano and Fabrizio Mazziotti Categories: hep-lat hep-th Comments: 10 pages, 10 figures \\ We study, by means of numerical lattice simulations, the properties of the reconfinement phase transition taking place in trace deformed $SU(3)$ Yang-Mills theory defined on $\mathbb{R}^3\times S^1$, in which center symmetry is recovered even for small compactification radii. We show, by means of a finite size scaling analysis, that the reconfinement phase transition is first-order, like the usual $SU(3)$ thermal phase transition. We then investigate two different physical phenomena, which are known to characterize the standard confinement/deconfinement phase transition, namely the condensation of thermal magnetic monopoles and the change in the localization properties of the eigenmodes of the Dirac operator. Regarding the latter, we show that the mobility edge signalling the Anderson-like transition in the Dirac spectrum vanishes as one enters the reconfined phase, as it happens in the standard confined phase. Thermal monopoles, instead, show a peculiar behavior: their density decreases going through reconfinement, at odds with the standard thermal theory; nonetheless, they condense at reconfinement, like at the usual confinement transition. The coincidence of monopole condensation and Dirac mode delocalization, even in a framework different from that of the standard confinement transition, suggests the existence of a strict link between them. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13246 , 104kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2012.13270 (*cross-listing*) Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2020 14:19:30 GMT (104kb) Title: Constrained systems, generalized Hamilton-Jacobi actions, and quantization Authors: Alberto S. Cattaneo, Pavel Mnev, Konstantin Wernli Categories: math-ph hep-th math.MP math.SG Comments: 96 pages, 9 figures MSC-class: 81T70, 53D22, 70H20, 53D55, 53D50 (Primary), 81T13, 81S10, 70H15, 57R56, 81T45 (Secondary) \\ Mechanical systems (i.e., one-dimensional field theories) with constraints are the focus of this paper. In the classical theory, systems with infinite-dimensional targets are considered as well (this then encompasses also higher-dimensional field theories in the hamiltonian formalism). The properties of the Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) action are described in details and several examples are explicitly computed (including nonabelian Chern-Simons theory, where the HJ action turns out to be the gauged Wess-Zumino-Witten action). Perturbative quantization, limited in this note to finite-dimensional targets, is performed in the framework of the Batalin-Vilkovisky (BV) formalism in the bulk and of the Batalin-Fradkin-Vilkovisky (BFV) formalism at the endpoints. As a sanity check of the method, it is proved that the semiclassical contribution of the physical part of the evolution operator is still given by the HJ action. Several examples are computed explicitly. In particular, it is shown that the toy model for nonabelian Chern-Simons theory and the toy model for 7D Chern-Simons theory with nonlinear Hitchin polarization do not have quantum corrections in the physical part (the extension of these results to the actual cases will be discussed in a forthcoming paper). Background material for both the classical part (symplectic geometry, generalized generating functions, HJ actions, and the extension of these concepts to infinite-dimensional manifolds) and the quantum part (BV-BFV formalism) is provided. \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.13270 , 104kb) %%--%%--%%--%%--%%--%%--%%--%%--%%--%%--%%--%%--%%--%%--%%--%%--%%--%%--%%--%% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:1710.02275 (*cross-listing*) replaced with revised version Wed, 23 Dec 2020 21:43:13 GMT (62kb) Title: Universal two-parameter $\mathcal{W}_{\infty}$-algebra and vertex algebras of type $\mathcal{W}(2,3,\dots, N)$ Authors: Andrew R. Linshaw Categories: math.RT hep-th math.QA Comments: Final version. Minor corrections, numbering of theorems has been changed to agree with published version. To appear in Compositio Mathematica \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.02275 , 62kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:1912.08897 replaced with revised version Wed, 23 Dec 2020 23:21:39 GMT (769kb,D) Title: Global aspects of conformal symmetry and the ANEC in dS and AdS Authors: Felipe Rosso Categories: hep-th gr-qc Comments: 57 pages and 9 figures. v2: references added Journal-ref: JHEP 03 (2020) 186 DOI: 10.1007/JHEP03(2020)186 \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.08897 , 769kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2002.00966 replaced with revised version Thu, 24 Dec 2020 11:29:13 GMT (97kb,D) Title: Towards Spacetime Entanglement Entropy for Interacting Theories Authors: Yangang Chen, Lucas Hackl, Ravi Kunjwal, Heidar Moradi, Yasaman K. Yazdi, and Miguel Zilh\~ao Categories: hep-th cond-mat.stat-mech gr-qc Comments: v2: 30 pages, 2 figures. Results extended to arbitrary perturbations and a discussion of the second order contributions added. v3: minor changes Journal-ref: J. High Energ. Phys. 2020, 114 (2020) DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2020)114 \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.00966 , 97kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2005.06476 replaced with revised version Wed, 23 Dec 2020 22:32:31 GMT (590kb,D) Title: Achronal averaged null energy condition for extremal horizons and (A)dS Authors: Felipe Rosso Categories: hep-th gr-qc Comments: 47 pages, v2: updated to match published version, v3: references added Journal-ref: JHEP 07 (2020) 023 DOI: 10.1007/JHEP07(2020)023 \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.06476 , 590kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2007.09080 replaced with revised version Thu, 24 Dec 2020 12:21:25 GMT (13kb) Title: Accurate Study from Adaptive Perturbation Method Authors: Chen-Te Ma Categories: hep-th Comments: 19 pages, 8 tables, minor changes, reference added \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.09080 , 13kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2008.05483 replaced with revised version Wed, 23 Dec 2020 22:06:03 GMT (269kb,D) Title: Quantum BMS transformations in conformally flat space-times and holography Authors: Laura Donnay, Gaston Giribet and Felipe Rosso Categories: hep-th gr-qc Comments: 55 pages, v2 updated to match published version Journal-ref: JHEP 12 (2020) 102 DOI: 10.1007/JHEP12(2020)102 \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.05483 , 269kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2009.00737 replaced with revised version Thu, 24 Dec 2020 17:08:37 GMT (980kb,D) Title: Fermions in the presence of topological structures under geometric constrictions Authors: D. Bazeia, A. Mohammadi, D.C. Moreira Categories: hep-th cond-mat.mes-hall Comments: 8 pages, 7 figures; v2, new results and references added. To appear in PRD \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.00737 , 980kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2009.00753 replaced with revised version Thu, 24 Dec 2020 02:22:50 GMT (502kb) Title: Covariant propagator and chiral power counting Authors: Zhou Liu, Li-Hong Wen, J.-F. Yang Categories: hep-th hep-ph nucl-th Comments: 9 pages, 11 figures, final version, accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics B \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.00753 , 502kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2010.04330 replaced with revised version Wed, 23 Dec 2020 22:23:39 GMT (4814kb,D) Title: Confinement on $\mathbb{R}^3 \times \mathbb{S}^1$ and Double-String Collapse Authors: Mathew W. Bub, Erich Poppitz, Samuel S. Y. Wong Categories: hep-th hep-lat Comments: 53 pages, 23 figures. Version to appear in JHEP. Added references, updated the title, and added a section explaining the differences from confinement in the Polyakov model \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.04330 , 4814kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2010.10931 replaced with revised version Wed, 23 Dec 2020 21:49:41 GMT (60kb) Title: Fingerprinting the fractional order phase transitions in AdS black holes Authors: Mohamed Chabab and Samir Iraoui Categories: hep-th gr-qc Comments: 15 pages, 2 figures. Version accepted in Frontiers in Physics DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2020.620430 \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.10931 , 60kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2010.12392 replaced with revised version Thu, 24 Dec 2020 08:14:31 GMT (202kb,D) Title: Fermionic Rational Conformal Field Theories and Modular Linear Differential Equations Authors: Jin-Beom Bae, Zhihao Duan, Kimyeong Lee, Sungjay Lee, Matthieu Sarkis Categories: hep-th Comments: 63 pages, 4 figures, 19 tables, references added, minor corrections \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12392 , 202kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2010.13495 (*cross-listing*) replaced with revised version Thu, 24 Dec 2020 15:18:52 GMT (2596kb,D) Title: Mimetic Inflation Authors: Seyed Ali Hosseini Mansoori, Alireza Talebian and Hassan Firouzjahi Categories: gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th Comments: 19+9 pages, 29 figures, 2 appendices. Accepted by JHEP \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.13495 , 2596kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2010.15741 replaced with revised version Thu, 24 Dec 2020 14:39:01 GMT (27kb) Title: BRST-BV Quantum Actions for Constrained Totally-Symmetric Integer HS Fields Authors: \v{C}estmir Burd\'ik, Alexander A. Reshetnyak Categories: hep-th math-ph math.DS math.MP quant-ph Comments: 21 pages, no figures, typos corrected; footnote on interacting terms, remark on double-traceless field representation for correct path integral with Eqs. (90)-(93), representation for quantum BV action, path integral for cubic vertex with Eqs.(97)-(101) and 1 reference added; conclusion improved MSC-class: 37J05, 37J15, 46L65, 46L60, 47L55, 70G60, 81T10, 70S05, 37K05, 70S15, 81T13, 81T18 \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.15741 , 27kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2011.09978 replaced with revised version Thu, 24 Dec 2020 13:49:24 GMT (52kb,D) Title: Consistency of supersymmetric 't Hooft anomalies Authors: Adam Bzowski, Guido Festuccia, Vladim\'ir Proch\'azka Categories: hep-th Comments: 47 pages + appendices; v2: typos fixed, references added Report-no: UUITP 48/20, CCTP-2020-12, ITCP-IPP 2020/12 \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.09978 , 52kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2011.10887 replaced with revised version Wed, 23 Dec 2020 20:16:05 GMT (16972kb,AD) Title: Simulating Magnetic Monopole-Defect Dynamics Authors: Gannon E. Lenhart, Andrew B. Royston, Keaton E. Wright Categories: hep-th Comments: 44 pages, 9 figures. One Mathematica notebook and four simulations included as ancillary files. Introduction written from an undergraduate perspective. v2: reference added and typos corrected \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.10887 , 16972kb) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \\ arXiv:2011.11509 replaced with revised version Thu, 24 Dec 2020 15:39:04 GMT (192kb) Title: The fate of the conformal order Authors: Alex Buchel Categories: hep-th Comments: 34 pages, 13 figures; v2: PRD version \\ ( https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11509 , 192kb) %%%---%%%---%%%---%%%---%%%---%%%---%%%---%%%---%%%---%%%---%%%---%%%---%%%--- For subscribe options to combined physics archives, e-mail To: physics@arxiv.org, Subject: subscribe ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- For help on viewing and making submissions, see http://arxiv.org/help/