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D1, 2901 (1970); 1970 refextract J. D. Bjorken, J. B. Kogut and D. E. Soper Phys.Rev.,D3,1382 J. D. Bjorken, J. B. Kogut and D. E. Soper, Phys. Rev. D3, 1382 (1971); 1971 refextract M. Schmidt Phys.Rev.,D9,408 M. Schmidt, Phys. Rev. D9, 408 (1974); 1974 refextract S. J. Brodsky, F. E. Close and J. Gunion Phys.Rev.,D5,1384 S. J. Brodsky, F. E. Close and J. Gunion, Phys. Rev. D5, 1384 (1972). 1972 refextract S. J. Brodsky, R. Roskies and R. Suaya 49 Phys.Rev.,D8,4574 49.S. J. Brodsky, R. Roskies and R. Suaya, Phys. Rev. D8, 4574 (1973). 1973 refextract S. J. Brodsky and G. P. Lepage to be published 50 50.S. J. Brodsky and G. P. Lepage, to be published. refextract This is the light-cone parameter analog of the Drell-Yan-Levy frame introduced in Ref. 47 51 51.This is the light-cone parameter analog of the Drell-Yan-Levy frame introduced in Ref. 47. refextract See J. Kogut and L. Susskind Ref. 25 52 52.See J. Kogut and L. Susskind, Ref. 25. refextract L. Dokshitser et al. See also Yu Ref. 7 53 53.See also Yu. L. Dokshitser et al., Ref. 7. refextract A. J. Buras, E. G. Floratos, D. A. Ross and C. T. Sachrajda 54 Nucl.Phys.,B129,66 54.A. J. Buras, E. G. Floratos, D. A. Ross and C. T. Sachrajda, Nucl. Phys. B129, 66 (1977); 1977 refextract W. A. Bardeen, A. J. Buras, D. W. Duke and T. Muta For reviews, see Refs. 2, 6, 7 and D. Ross, CALT-68-699 (1979) Phys.Rev.,D18,3998 W. A. Bardeen, A. J. Buras, D. W. Duke and T. Muta, Phys. Rev. D18, 3998 (1978). For reviews, see Refs. 2, 6, 7 and D. Ross, CALT-68–699 (1979). 1978 refextract D. R. Yennie, S. C. Frautschi and H. Suura 55 Annals Phys.,13,379 55.D. R. Yennie, S. C. Frautschi and H. Suura, Ann. of Phys. 13, 379 (1961); 1961 refextract D. R. Yennie in Brandeis Summer Institute, Vol. I Lectures on Strong and Electromagnetic Interactions D. R. Yennie in “Lectures on Strong and Electromagnetic Interactions,” Brandeis Summer Institute, Vol. I (1963). 1963 refextract W. G. Scott et al. CERN-EP-79-91 W. G. Scott et al., CERN/EP 79–91 (1979). 1979 refextract G. Altarelli, R. K. Ellis, G. Martinelli and S.-Y. Pi Nucl.Phys.,B160,301 G. Altarelli, R. K. Ellis, G. Martinelli and S.-Y. Pi, Nucl. Phys. B160, 301 (1979). 1979 refextract D. Amati, R. Petronzio and G. Veneziano See, e.g 57 Nucl.Phys.,B140,54 57.See, e.g., D. Amati, R. Petronzio and G. Veneziano, Nucl. Phys. B140, 54 (1978) 1978 refextract D. Amati, R. Petronzio and G. Veneziano See, e.g Nucl.Phys.,B146,29 See, e.g., D. Amati, R. Petronzio and G. Veneziano, Nucl. Phys. B146, 29 (1978); 1978 refextract R. K. Ellis, H. Georgi, M. Mahachek, H. D. Politzer and G. G. Ross Phys.Lett.,B78,281 R. K. Ellis, H. Georgi, M. Mahachek, H. D. Politzer and G. G. Ross, Phys. Lett. 78B, 281 (1978) 1978 refextract R. K. Ellis, H. Georgi, M. Mahachek, H. D. Politzer and G. G. Ross Nucl.Phys.,B152,285 R. K. Ellis, H. Georgi, M. Mahachek, H. D. Politzer and G. G. Ross, Nucl. Phys. B152, 285 (1979); 1979 refextract S. Libby and G. Sterman Phys.Lett.,B78,618 S. Libby and G. Sterman, Phys. Lett. 78B, 618 (1978) 1978 refextract S. Libby and G. Sterman 4737 Phys.Rev.,D18,3252 S. Libby and G. Sterman, Phys. Rev. D18, 3252, 4737 (1978); 1978 refextract W. B. Frazer and J. F. Gunion Phys.Rev.,D19,2447 W. B. Frazer and J. F. Gunion, Phys. Rev. D19, 2447 (1979); 1979 refextract Y. Kamaza and Y.-P. Yao Phys.Rev.Lett.,41,611 Y. Kamaza and Y.-P. Yao, Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 611 (1978) 1978 refextract Y. Kamaza and Y.-P. Yao 3121 Phys.Rev.,D19,3111 Y. Kamaza and Y.-P. Yao, Phys. Rev. D19, 3111, 3121 (1979); 1979 refextract C. H. Llewellyn Smith Acta Phys.Austriaca Suppl.,19,331 C. H. Llewellyn Smith, Acta. Phys. Austriaca, Suppl. XIX, 331 (1978); 1978 refextract A. B. Carter and C. H. Llewellyn Smith Oxford preprint 34179 A. B. Carter and C. H. Llewellyn Smith, Oxford preprint 34179; refextract A. V. Radyushkin Serpurkhov preprint E2-11535 A. V. Radyushkin, Serpurkhov preprint E2–11535 (1978); 1978 refextract R. Field Ref. 7 R. Field, Ref. 7; Yu. L. Dokshitser et al., Refs. 7 and 2. refextract L. Dokshitser et al. Yu Refs. 7 and 2 R. Field, Ref. 7; Yu. L. Dokshitser et al., Refs. 7 and 2. refextract R. Barbieri et al. The π2 factor is associated with corrections to annihilation subprocesses. For quarkonium decays, see Ref. 46 58 58.The π2 factor is associated with corrections to annihilation subprocesses. For quarkonium decays, see R. Barbieri et al., Ref. 46. refextract References — Chapters 7-9 References — Chapters 7–9 refextract G. P. Lepage and S. J. Brodsky 1 Phys.Rev.Lett.,B87,359 1.G. P. Lepage and S. J. Brodsky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87B, 359 (1978). 1978 refextract D. Sivers, R. Blankenbecler and S. J. Brodsky Phys.Rept.,C23,1 D. Sivers, R. Blankenbecler and S. J. Brodsky, Phys. Rep. 23C, 1 (1976). 1976 refextract S. J. Brodsky and G. P. Lepage presented at the Workshop on Current Topics in High Energy Physics, Cal Tech , published in "Quantum Chromodynamics’ 2 SLAC-PUB-2294 2.S. J. Brodsky and G. P. Lepage, SLAC-PUB-2294, presented at the Workshop on Current Topics in High Energy Physics, Cal Tech (1979), published in “Quantum Chromodynamics’; W. Frazer and F. Henyey, eds. ( AIP, 1979 ). 1979 refextract (W. Frazer and F. Henyey (eds.)) ( AIP,) 2 2.S. J. Brodsky and G. P. Lepage, SLAC-PUB-2294, presented at the Workshop on Current Topics in High Energy Physics, Cal Tech (1979), published in “Quantum Chromodynamics’; W. Frazer and F. Henyey, eds. ( AIP, 1979 ). 1979 refextract G. P. Lepage and S. J. Brodsky 3 Phys.Lett.,B87,257 3.G. P. Lepage and S. J. Brodsky, Phys. Lett. 87B, 257 (1979). 1979 refextract S. J. Brodsky, G. P. Lepage, Y. Frishman and C. Sachrajda 9) CERN-TH-2731-197 S. J. Brodsky, G. P. Lepage, Y. Frishman and C. Sachrajda, CERN-TH-2731 (1979). refextract S. J. Brodsky and G. R. Farrar 4 Phys.Rev.Lett.,31,1153 4.S. J. Brodsky and G. R. Farrar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 1153 (1973) 1973 refextract S. J. Brodsky and G. R. Farrar Phys.Rev.,D11,1309 S. J. Brodsky and G. R. Farrar, Phys. Rev. D11, 1309 (1975). 1975 refextract V. A. Matveev, R. M. Muradyan and A. V. Tavkheldize 5 Lett.Nuovo Cim.,7,719 5.V. A. Matveev, R. M. Muradyan and A. V. Tavkheldize, Lett. Nuovo Cimento 7, 719 (1973). 1973 refextract See S. J. Brodsky and R. Blankenbecler The spectator rule holds for general structure functions Ga/A(x) including the case where a is composite As we shall see, spin corrections can modify this rule in the fixed x, Q2 → ∞ limit, with 1-x small 6 Phys.Rev.,D10,2973 6.The spectator rule holds for general structure functions Ga/A(x) including the case where a is composite. See S. J. Brodsky and R. Blankenbecler, Phys. Rev. D10, 2973 (1974). As we shall see, spin corrections can modify this rule in the fixed x, Q2 → ∞ limit, with 1-x small. 1974 refextract R. P. Feynman Strictly speaking, there is no P → ∞ limit for Fock states of charged systems. We wish to thank for an illuminating discussion on this point 7 7.Strictly speaking, there is no P → ∞ limit for Fock states of charged systems. We wish to thank R. P. Feynman for an illuminating discussion on this point. refextract W. Caswell and G. P. Lepage An analogous method is used by to systematically treat higher order radiative corrections to the positronium spectrum 8 Phys.Rev.,A18,810 8.An analogous method is used by W. Caswell and G. P. Lepage, Phys. Rev. A18, 810 (1978) to systematically treat higher order radiative corrections to the positronium spectrum. 1978 refextract The analysis described here has also been performed in general covariant gauges. The final results are demonstrably gauge invariant even though the covariant analysis involves Fock states in ψλ containing any number of longitudinally polarized gluons 9 9.The analysis described here has also been performed in general covariant gauges. The final results are demonstrably gauge invariant even though the covariant analysis involves Fock states in ψλ containing any number of longitudinally polarized gluons. refextract S. J. Brodsky, R. Roskies and R. Suaya 10 Phys.Rev.,D8,4575 10.S. J. Brodsky, R. Roskies and R. Suaya, Phys. Rev. D8, 4575 (1978). 1978 refextract This result follows by integrating Eq. (7.7) over k⊥2 = Q2, where K is approximated by single gluon exchange and the transverse momentum integrals are strongly ordered 11 11.This result follows by integrating Eq. (7.7) over k⊥2 = Q2, where K is approximated by single gluon exchange and the transverse momentum integrals are strongly ordered; i.e., Differentiating with respect to ξ leads immediately to Eq. (7.16). refextract i.e., Differentiating with respect to ξ leads immediately to Eq. (7.16) 11 11.This result follows by integrating Eq. (7.7) over k⊥2 = Q2, where K is approximated by single gluon exchange and the transverse momentum integrals are strongly ordered; i.e., Differentiating with respect to ξ leads immediately to Eq. (7.16). refextract A. V. Efremov and A. V. Radyushkin Equation (7.24) was also obtained independently by Dubna preprint JINR-E2-11983 assuming the validity of the operator product expansion 12 12.Equation (7.24) was also obtained independently by A. V. Efremov and A. V. Radyushkin, Dubna preprint JINR-E2–11983 assuming the validity of the operator product expansion. refextract G. R. Farrar and D. R. Jackson 13 Phys.Rev.Lett.,43,246 13.G. R. Farrar and D. R. Jackson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 246 (1979); 1979 refextract D. R. Jackson Ph:D. Thesis, Cal Tech D. R. Jackson, Ph:D. Thesis, Cal Tech (1977). 1977 refextract G. Parisi Phys.Lett.,B84,225 G. Parisi, Phys. Lett. 84B, 225 (1979). 1979 refextract This is a consequence of the vector nature of the gluon. The helicity of massless fermions is conserved by vector couplings and thus any helicity-flip amplitude TB vanishes as the quark masses become negligible. Furthermore, in the Breit frame (), the change in longitudinal angular momentum for a helicityconserving amplitude is where h is the helicity of the initial and final hadrons. Since a photon induces the transition, angular momentum conservation requires |2h| ≤ 1. Consequently form factors for |h| ≥ 1 hadrons, as do those for transitions with ∆h ≠ 0, are suppressed by factors of m/Q relative to the leading form factors 14 14.This is a consequence of the vector nature of the gluon. The helicity of massless fermions is conserved by vector couplings and thus any helicity-flip amplitude TB vanishes as the quark masses become negligible. Furthermore, in the Breit frame (), the change in longitudinal angular momentum for a helicityconserving amplitude is where h is the helicity of the initial and final hadrons. Since a photon induces the transition, angular momentum conservation requires |2h| ≤ 1. Consequently form factors for |h| ≥ 1 hadrons, as do those for transitions with ∆h ≠ 0, are suppressed by factors of m/Q relative to the leading form factors. refextract A. I. Vainshtain and V. I. Zakharov 15 Phys.Lett.,B72,368 15.A. I. Vainshtain and V. I. Zakharov, Phys. Lett. 72B, 368 (1978); 1978 refextract G. R. Farrar and D. R. Jackson Phys.Rev.Lett.,35,1416 G. R. Farrar and D. R. Jackson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 1416 (1975). 1975 refextract G. R. Farrar We wish to thank for conversations on this point 16 16.We wish to thank G. R. Farrar for conversations on this point. refextract Since V is symmetric under the interchange x ↔ y, the eigenvalues γn are real and the eigenfunctions are orthogonal with respect to weight xlx2x3. Convergence of the expansion (7.32) is assured by the boundary conditions satisfied by bound state wave functions with finite kinetic energy 17 17.Since V is symmetric under the interchange x ↔ y, the eigenvalues γn are real and the eigenfunctions are orthogonal with respect to weight xlx2x3. Convergence of the expansion (7.32) is assured by the boundary conditions satisfied by bound state wave functions with finite kinetic energy. refextract M. Peskin The anamolous dimensions γn for the baryon wave function have been verified by Harvard preprint HUTP-79/A055 18 18.The anamolous dimensions γn for the baryon wave function have been verified by M. Peskin, Harvard preprint HUTP-79/A055 (1979). 1979 refextract Note that we are not assuming SU(6) symmetry. The fact that the coordinate space wave functions becomes symmetric at short distances is a dynamical consequence of the theory 19 19.Note that we are not assuming SU(6) symmetry. The fact that the coordinate space wave functions becomes symmetric at short distances is a dynamical consequence of the theory. refextract E. M. Levin TB is Lorentz- and gauge-invariant. It is most easily computed in the Breit frame (p′ = -p) where only three independent amplitudes need be computed (Fig. 1a). This method is used by Yu. M. Shabelsky, V. M. Shekhter and A. N. Solomin Leningrad preprint 444 (1978). Aside from normalization, the form (7.36) and (7.37) for TH also agrees with the xi ≡ 1/3 result of I. G. Aznauryan et al Yerevan preprint 342(67)-78 20 20.TB is Lorentz- and gauge-invariant. It is most easily computed in the Breit frame (p′ = −p) where only three independent amplitudes need be computed (Fig. 1a). This method is used by E. M. Levin, Yu. M. Shabelsky, V. M. Shekhter and A. N. Solomin, Leningrad preprint 444 (1978). Aside from normalization, the form (7.36) and (7.37) for TH also agrees with the xi ≡ 1/3 result of I. G. Aznauryan et al., Yerevan preprint 342(67)-78 (1979). 1979 refextract M. D. Mestayer Report No. 214 , and references therein 21 21.M. D. Mestayer, SLAC Report No. 214 (1978), and references therein. 1978 refextract A. Duncan and A. H Columbia preprints CU-TP-162 and 172 22 22.A. Duncan and A. H. Mueller, Columbia preprints CU-TP-162 and 172 (1979); 1979 CU-TP-162 8313 refextract S. J. Brodsky and G. P. Lepage to be published S. J. Brodsky and G. P. Lepage, to be published. refextract S. J. Brodsky, Y. Frishman, G. P. Lepage and C. Sachrajda Ref. 3 23 23.S. J. Brodsky, Y. Frishman, G. P. Lepage and C. Sachrajda, Ref. 3; refextract A. V. Efremov and A. V. Radyushkin Ref. 12 A. V. Efremov and A. V. Radyushkin, Ref. 12. refextract S. J. Brodsky and B. Chertok 24 Phys.Rev.,D14,3003 24.S. J. Brodsky and B. Chertok, Phys. Rev. D14, 3003 (1976) 1976 refextract S. J. Brodsky and B. Chertok Phys.Rev.Lett.,37,269 S. J. Brodsky and B. Chertok, Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, 269 (1976). 1976 refextract S. J. Brodsky in Proceedings of the International Conference on Few Body Problems, Laval University, Quebec , R. Slobodrian et al. (eds.) 25 25.S. J. Brodsky, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Few Body Problems, Laval University, Quebec (1974), ed. by R. Slobodrian et al. 1974 refextract S. J. Brodsky to be published in the Proceedings of the First Workshop on Ultra-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions, Berkeley 26 SLAC-PUB-2395 26.S. J. Brodsky, SLAC-PUB-2395, to be published in the Proceedings of the First Workshop on Ultra-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions, Berkeley (1979). 1979 refextract In principle, it should be possible to connect the soft wave function which determines the initial value of the evolution equation to the wave functions determined by bag or other quarkonium models which fit hadron spectroscopy 27 27.In principle, it should be possible to connect the soft wave function which determines the initial value of the evolution equation to the wave functions determined by bag or other quarkonium models which fit hadron spectroscopy. refextract D. Sivers et al. For an early review, see Ref. 1 28 28.For an early review, see D. Sivers et al., Ref. 1. refextract R. Blankenbecler, S. J. Brodsky and J. F. Gunion 29 Phys.Rev.,D8,4117 29.R. Blankenbecler, S. J. Brodsky and J. F. Gunion, Phys., Rev. D8, 4117 (1973) 1973 refextract R. Blankenbecler, S. J. Brodsky and J. F. Gunion Phys.Lett.,B39,649 R. Blankenbecler, S. J. Brodsky and J. F. Gunion Phys. Lett. 39B, 649 (1972); 1972 refextract P. V. Landshoff and J. C. Polkinghorne Phys.Rev.,D10,891 P. V. Landshoff and J. C. Polkinghorne, Phys. Rev. D10, 891 (1974) 1974 refextract M. K. Chase and W. J. Stirling Nucl.Phys.,B133,157 M. K. Chase and W. J. Stirling, Nucl. Phys. B133, 157 (1978). 1978 refextract P. V. Landshoff 30 Phys.Rev.,D10,1024 30.P. V. Landshoff, Phys. Rev. D10, 1024 (1974). 1974 refextract P. Cvitanovic Phys.Rev.,D10,338 P. Cvitanovic, Phys. Rev. D10, 338 (1974); 1974 refextract S. J. Brodsky and G. Farrar Ref. 4 S. J. Brodsky and G. Farrar, Ref. 4; refextract A. Donnachie and P. V. Landshoff preprint M/C 79 /11 (January) A. Donnachie and P. V. Landshoff, preprint M/C 79 /11 (January 1979). 1979 refextract A. Donnachie and P. V. Landshoff preprint M/C 79/11 (January) 31 31.A. Donnachie and P. V. Landshoff, preprint M/C 79/11 (January 1979); S. J. Brodsky, Y. Frishman, G. P. Lepage and C. Sachrajda, to be published. 1979 refextract S. J. Brodsky, Y. Frishman, G. P. Lepage and C. Sachrajda to be published 31 31.A. Donnachie and P. V. Landshoff, preprint M/C 79/11 (January 1979); S. J. Brodsky, Y. Frishman, G. P. Lepage and C. Sachrajda, to be published. refextract J. L. Stone et al. 32 Phys.Rev.Lett.,38,1315 32.J. L. Stone et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 1315 (1978) 1978 refextract J. L. Stone et al. Nucl.Phys.,B143,1 J. L. Stone et al., Nucl. Phys. B143, 1 (1978). 1978 refextract D. G. Crabb et al. Phys.Rev.Lett.,41,1257 D. G. Crabb et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 1257 (1978). 1978 refextract G. R. Farrar, S. Gottlieb, D. Sivers and G. H. Thomas 34 Phys.Rev.,D20,202 34.G. R. Farrar, S. Gottlieb, D. Sivers and G. H. Thomas, Phys. Rev. D20, 202 (1979). 1979 refextract S. J. Brodsky, C. Carlson and H. Lipkin 35 Phys.Rev.,D20,2278 35.S. J. Brodsky, C. Carlson and H. Lipkin, Phys. Rev. D20, 2278 (1979). 1979 refextract R. Anderson et al. Phys.Rev.Lett.,30,627 R. Anderson et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 627 (1973). 1973 refextract M. A. Shupe et al. Tufts, Harvard, Cornell collaboration (to be published) 37 37.M. A. Shupe et al., Tufts, Harvard, Cornell collaboration (to be published). refextract K. A. Jenkins et al. Phys.Rev.Lett.,40,425 K. A. Jenkins et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 425 (1978). 1978 refextract V. Novikov et al. Ref. 15, Chapter 1 39 39.V. Novikov et al., Ref. 15, Chapter 1. refextract S. J. Brodsky and G. P. Lepage (to be published) 40 40.S. J. Brodsky and G. P. Lepage (to be published). refextract W. Atwood and M. Barnett See the contributions of to this volume 41 41.See the contributions of W. Atwood and M. Barnett to this volume. refextract G. R. Farrar and D. R. Jackson 42 Phys.Rev.Lett.,35,1416 42.G. R. Farrar and D. R. Jackson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 1416 (1975). 1975 refextract A. I. Vainshtain and V. I. Zakharov Phys.Rev.Lett.,B72,368 A. I. Vainshtain and V. I. Zakharov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72B, 368 (1978). 1978 refextract W. Ochs and Proceedings of Moriond Conference , Vol 2 43 Nucl.Phys.,B118,397 43.W. Ochs, Nucl. Phys. B118, 397 (1977), and Proceedings of Moriond Conference (1977), Vol 2. 1977 refextract We use the term to refer to contributions with the minimal Q2-fall-off, and to refer te operators or contributions which are suppressed by one or more powars of Q2 - generally because more than the minimal number of fields are involved in the hard scattering subprocess 44 leading twist higher twist 44.We use the term “leading twist” to refer to contributions with the minimal Q2-fall-off, and “higher twist” to refer te operators or contributions which are suppressed by one or more powars of Q2 - generally because more than the minimal number of fields are involved in the hard scattering subprocess. refextract L. Abbott, E. L. Berger, R. Blankenbecler and G. L. Kane A phenomenological analysis of R = σL/σT due to contributions such as (8.7) is given in 45 SLAC-PUB-2327 45.A phenomenological analysis of R = σL/σT due to contributions such as (8.7) is given in L. Abbott, E. L. Berger, R. Blankenbecler and G. L. Kane, SLAC-PUB-2327 (1979). 1979 refextract E. L. Berger and S. J. Brodsky Phys.Rev.Lett.,42,940 E. L. Berger and S. J. Brodsky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 940 (1979). 1979 refextract R. Blankenbecler and I. Schmidt 46 Phys.Rev.,D16,1318 46.R. Blankenbecler and I. Schmidt, Phys. Rev. D16, 1318 (1977). 1977 refextract L. Abbott and R. M. Barnett 47 SLAC-PUB-2325 47.L. Abbott and R. M. Barnett, SLAC-PUB-2325 (1979); 1979 refextract L. Abbott, W. B. Atwood and R. M. Barnett SLAC-PUB-2227 L. Abbott, W. B. Atwood and R. M. Barnett, SLAC-PUB-2227 (1979); 1979 refextract R. G. Roberts and D. Duke Phys.Lett.,B85,289 R. G. Roberts and D. Duke, Phys. Lett. 85B, 289 (1979) 1979 refextract D. Perkins private communication D. Perkins, private communication. refextract L. Okun private communication 48 48.L. Okun, private communication; V. Novikov et al., Ref. 39. refextract V. Novikov et al. Ref. 39 48 48.L. Okun, private communication; V. Novikov et al., Ref. 39. refextract S. D. Drell and T. M. Yan 49 Phys.Rev.Lett.,24,181 49.S. D. Drell and T. M. Yan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 24, 181 (1970); 1970 refextract G. West Phys.Rev.Lett.,24,1206 G. West, Phys. Rev. Lett. 24, 1206 (1970); 1970 refextract J. D. Bjorken and J. Kogut Phys.Rev.,D8,1341 J. D. Bjorken and J. Kogut, Phys. Rev. D8, 1341 (1973); 1973 refextract E. D. Bloom and F. J.-Gilman Phys.Rev.Lett.,25,1140 E. D. Bloom and F. J.-Gilman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 25, 1140 (1970). 1970 refextract The analysis of Chapter 3 of Ref. 2 is incorrect on this point 50 50.The analysis of Chapter 3 of Ref. 2 is incorrect on this point; the correct argument of as in the loop integrals in XXXX not XXXX. refextract the correct argument of as in the loop integrals in XXXX not XXXX 50 50.The analysis of Chapter 3 of Ref. 2 is incorrect on this point; the correct argument of as in the loop integrals in XXXX not XXXX. refextract Z. F. Ezawa 51 Nuovo Cim.,A23,271 51.Z. F. Ezawa, Nuovo Cimento 23A, 271 (1974). 1974 refextract G. R. Farrar et al. and A. F. Vainstain et al Ref. 42 G. R. Farrar et al., and A. F. Vainstain et al., Ref. 42. refextract G. R. Farrar and D. Jackson Ref. 42 52 52.G. R. Farrar and D. Jackson, Ref. 42. refextract E. L. Berger and S. J. Brodsky a) Ref. 45. (b) R. Raitio private communication 53 53.a) E. L. Berger and S. J. Brodsky, Ref. 45. (b) R. Raitio, private communication. refextract K. J. Anderson et al. Phys.Rev.Lett.,43,1219 K. J. Anderson et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 1219 (1979). 1979 refextract S. D. Ellis, P. V. Landshoff and M. Jacob 55 Nucl.Phys.,B108,93 55.S. D. Ellis, P. V. Landshoff and M. Jacob, Nucl. Phys. B108, 93 (1978); 1978 refextract P. V. Landshoff and M. Jacob Nucl.Phys.,B113,395 P. V. Landshoff and M. Jacob, Nucl. Phys. B113, 395 (1976) 1976 refextract V. Landshoff and M. Jacob For a detailed discussion see R. Stroynowski this volume Phys.Rept.,48,285 V. Landshoff and M. Jacob, Phys. Rep. 48, 285 (1978). For a detailed discussion see R. Stroynowski, this volume. 1978 refextract R. Blankenbecler, S. J. Brodsky and J. F. Gunion and references therein 56 Phys.Rev.,D18,900 56.R. Blankenbecler, S. J. Brodsky and J. F. Gunion, Phys. Rev. D18, 900 (1978) and references therein; D. Sivers et al., Ref. 1. 1978 refextract D. Sivers et al. Ref. 1 56 56.R. Blankenbecler, S. J. Brodsky and J. F. Gunion, Phys. Rev. D18, 900 (1978) and references therein; D. Sivers et al., Ref. 1. refextract P. V. Landshoff and J. C. Polkinghorne 57 Phys.Rev.,D10,891 57.P. V. Landshoff and J. C. Polkinghorne, Phys. Rev. D10, 891 (1974); 1974 refextract M. K. Chase and W. J. Stirling Nucl.Phys.,B133,157 M. K. Chase and W. J. Stirling, Nucl. Phys. B133, 157 (1978). 1978 refextract J. F. Gunion and D. Jones 58 Phys.Rev.,20,232 58.J. F. Gunion and D. Jones, Phys. Rev. 20, 232 (1979). 1979 refextract M. Jacob and P. V. Landshoff For 7.5 = pT = 14.0 GeV/c, XXXX and 62.4 GeV, a good fit to the ISR-CCOR data is obtained with Edσ/d3p(pp → π°X) = pT-5.1 ± 0.4f(xT) Phys.Rept.,48,285 M. Jacob and P. V. Landshoff, Phys. Rep. 48, 285 (1978). For 7.5 = pT = 14.0 GeV/c, XXXX and 62.4 GeV, a good fit to the ISR-CCOR data is obtained with Edσ/d3p(pp → π°X) = pT−5.1 ± 0.4f(xT); CCOR collaboration, Phys. Lett. 79B, 505 (1978). 1978 refextract CCOR collaboration Phys.Lett.,B79,505 M. Jacob and P. V. Landshoff, Phys. Rep. 48, 285 (1978). For 7.5 = pT = 14.0 GeV/c, XXXX and 62.4 GeV, a good fit to the ISR-CCOR data is obtained with Edσ/d3p(pp → π°X) = pT−5.1 ± 0.4f(xT); CCOR collaboration, Phys. Lett. 79B, 505 (1978). 1978 refextract D. Antreasyan et al. 59 Phys.Rev.,D19,764 59.D. Antreasyan et al., Phys. Rev. D19, 764 (1979) 1979 refextract D. Antreasyan et al. Phys.Lett.,38,112 D. Antreasyan et al., Phys. Lett. 38, 112 (1977); 1977 refextract J. W. Cronin et al. See also M. Shochet Proceedings of the XVIII International Conference on High Energy Physics, Tbilisi (1976) Phys.Rev.,D11,3105 J. W. Cronin et al., Phys. Rev. D11, 3105 (1975). See also M. Shochet, Proceedings of the XVIII International Conference on High Energy Physics, Tbilisi (1976). 1975 refextract S. J. Brodsky A simplified analysis of charge correlations is given in Proceedings of the VII International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics, Kaysersberg, France, June 60 60.A simplified analysis of charge correlations is given in S. J. Brodsky, Proceedings of the VII International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics, Kaysersberg, France, June (1977). 1977 refextract R. P. Feynman, R. D. Field and G. C. Fox CALT-68-651 61 61.R. P. Feynman, R. D. Field and G. C. Fox, CALT-68–651 (1978). 1978 refextract A. P. Contogouris, R. Gaskell and S. Papadopoulos Phys.Rev.,D17,2314 A. P. Contogouris, R. Gaskell and S. Papadopoulos, Phys. Rev. D17, 2314 (1978); 1978 refextract A. P. Contogouris McGill preprint A. P. Contogouris, McGill preprint (1978); 1978 refextract J. F. Owens and J. D. Kimel Phys.Rev.,D18,3313 J. F. Owens and J. D. Kimel, Phys. Rev. D18, 3313 (1978); 1978 refextract J. F. Owens FSU-HEP-780609 Phys.Lett.,B76,85 J. F. Owens, FSU-HEP-780609 (1978), Phys. Lett. 76B, 85 (1978); 1978 FSU-HEP-780609 refextract J. Ranft and G. Ranft preprints KMU-HEP-7806 and 7805 (1978) Lett.Nuovo Cim.,20,669 J. Ranft and G. Ranft, preprints KMU-HEP-7806 and 7805 (1978), Lett. Nuovo Cimento 20, 669 (1979); 1979 refextract M. Fontannaz Nucl.Phys.,B132,452 M. Fontannaz, Nucl. Phys. B132, 452 (1978). 1978 refextract M. G. Albrow et al. NBI preprints M. G. Albrow et al., NBI preprints (1978); 1978 refextract R. Moller Symposium on Jets in High Energy Collisions R. Moller, Symposium on Jets in High Energy Collisions (1978); K. H. Hansen, presented to the XIX International Conference on High Energy Physics, Tokyo (1978), Nucl. Phys. B135, 461 (1978). 1978 refextract K. H. Hansen presented to the XIX International Conference on High Energy Physics, Tokyo Nucl.Phys.,B135,461 R. Moller, Symposium on Jets in High Energy Collisions (1978); K. H. Hansen, presented to the XIX International Conference on High Energy Physics, Tokyo (1978), Nucl. Phys. B135, 461 (1978). 1978 refextract H. Frisch this volume 63 63.H. Frisch, this volume. refextract G. Fox private communication 64 64.G. Fox, private communication. refextract R. D. Field CALT-68-683 (presented at the XIX International Conference on Tokyo,, and references therein) 65 High-Energy Physics 65.R. D. Field, CALT-68–683 (presented at the XIX International Conference on High Energy Physics, Tokyo, 1978, and references therein); R. Field, R. P. Feynman and G. C. Fox, Phys. Rev. D18, 3320 (1978) and references therein. 1978 refextract R. Field, R. P. Feynman and G. C. Fox and references therein 65 Phys.Rev.,D18,3320 65.R. D. Field, CALT-68–683 (presented at the XIX International Conference on High Energy Physics, Tokyo, 1978, and references therein); R. Field, R. P. Feynman and G. C. Fox, Phys. Rev. D18, 3320 (1978) and references therein. 1978 refextract See S. J. Brodsky, R. R. Horgan and W. E. Caswell 66 Phys.Rev.,D18,2415 66.See S. J. Brodsky, R. R. Horgan and W. E. Caswell, Phys. Rev. D18, 2415 (1978). 1978 refextract M. Chase Nucl.Phys.,B145,189 M. Chase, Nucl. Phys. B145, 189 (1978). 1978 refextract References — Chapters 10-11 and Appendices References — Chapters 10–11 and Appendices refextract S. J. Brodsky, T. Kinoshita and H. Terazawa See, e.g 1 Phys.Rev.,D4,1532 1.See, e.g., S. J. Brodsky, T. Kinoshita and H. Terazawa, Phys. Rev. D4, 1532 (1971). 1971 refextract V. M. Budnev et al. Phys. Rep. 15C V. M. Budnev et al., Phys. Rep. 15C, (1975); 1975 refextract H. Terazawa Rev.Mod.Phys.,45,615 H. Terazawa, Rev. Mod. Phys. 45, 615 (1973); 1973 refextract S. J. Brodsky, H. Terazawa and T. Walsh in the Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Photon-Photon Collisions, published in Supplement au Journal de Physique, Vol. 35 S. J. Brodsky, H. Terazawa and T. Walsh in the Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Photon-Photon Collisions, published in Supplement au Journal de Physique, Vol. 35 (1974). 1974 refextract G. Grammer and T. Kinoshita Nucl.Phys.,B80,461 G. Grammer and T. Kinoshita, Nucl. Phys. B80, 461 (1974); 1974 refextract R. Bhattacharya, J. Smith and G. Grammer Phys.Rev.,D15,3267 R. Bhattacharya, J. Smith and G. Grammer, Phys. Rev. D15, 3267 (1977); 1977 refextract J. Smith J. Vermaseren and G. Grammer Phys.Rev.,D15,3280 J. Smith J. Vermaseren and G. Grammer, Phys. Rev. D15, 3280 (1977). 1977 refextract S. J. Brodsky, T. A. DeGrand, J. F. Gunion and J. H. Weis 2 Phys.Rev.Lett.,41,672 2.S. J. Brodsky, T. A. DeGrand, J. F. Gunion and J. H. Weis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 672 (1978) 1978 refextract S. J. Brodsky, T. A. DeGrand, J. F. Gunion and J. H. Weis Phys.Rev.,D19,1418 S. J. Brodsky, T. A. DeGrand, J. F. Gunion and J. H. Weis, Phys. Rev. D19, 1418 (1979). 1979 refextract C. H. Llewellyn Smith 3 Phys.Lett.,B79,83 3.C. H. Llewellyn Smith, Phys. Lett. 79B, 83 (1978). 1978 refextract K. Kajantie 4 Phys.Scripta,29,230 4.K. Kajantie, Phys. Scripta 29, 230 (1979); 1979 refextract K. Kajantie and R. Raitio University of Helsinki preprint HU-TFT-79-13 K. Kajantie and R. Raitio, University of Helsinki preprint HU-TFT-79–13. refextract W. R. Frazer and J. F. Gunion 5 Phys.Rev.,D20,147 5.W. R. Frazer and J. F. Gunion, Phys. Rev. D20, 147 (1978). 1978 refextract T. A. DeGrand 6 Phys.Lett.,B84,478 6.T. A. DeGrand, Phys. Lett. 84B, 478 (1979). 1979 refextract K. A. Jenkins et al. Phys.Rev.Lett.,40,425 K. A. Jenkins et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 425 (1978). 1978 refextract S. J. Brodsky et al. Inaccuracies due to the use of the equivalent photon approximation also tend to cancel in this ratio. Note that the equivalent photon approximation is dependent on the choice of gauge and Lorentz frame used to define transverse polarization of virtual photons. The EPA defined by in Ref. 1 refers to the radiation gauge in the e+e- CM 8 8.Inaccuracies due to the use of the equivalent photon approximation also tend to cancel in this ratio. Note that the equivalent photon approximation is dependent on the choice of gauge and Lorentz frame used to define transverse polarization of virtual photons. The EPA defined by S. J. Brodsky et al., in Ref. 1 refers to the radiation gauge in the e+e− CM; it has the advantage that the EPA for each photon factorizes and it can be used for double-tagged events. The EPA defined by C. Carimalo, P. Kessler and J. Parisi, College de France preprint (1979) refers to the radiation gauge of the γγ CM; it has the advantage of a simple connection with γγ → X helicity amplitudes, and in some cases it is a more accurate estimate at small sγγ/Q2. However, the EPA does not factorize in this case. See also J. H. Field, DESY preprint 79/78. The EPA is of course inapplicable in kinematical regions where the longitudinal-scalar contributions are important. refextract C. Carimalo, P. Kessler and J. Parisi it has the advantage that the EPA for each photon factorizes and it can be used for double-tagged events. The EPA defined by College de France preprint refers to the radiation gauge of the γγ CM 8 8.Inaccuracies due to the use of the equivalent photon approximation also tend to cancel in this ratio. Note that the equivalent photon approximation is dependent on the choice of gauge and Lorentz frame used to define transverse polarization of virtual photons. The EPA defined by S. J. Brodsky et al., in Ref. 1 refers to the radiation gauge in the e+e− CM; it has the advantage that the EPA for each photon factorizes and it can be used for double-tagged events. The EPA defined by C. Carimalo, P. Kessler and J. Parisi, College de France preprint (1979) refers to the radiation gauge of the γγ CM; it has the advantage of a simple connection with γγ → X helicity amplitudes, and in some cases it is a more accurate estimate at small sγγ/Q2. However, the EPA does not factorize in this case. See also J. H. Field, DESY preprint 79/78. The EPA is of course inapplicable in kinematical regions where the longitudinal-scalar contributions are important. 1979 refextract J. H. Field it has the advantage of a simple connection with γγ → X helicity amplitudes, and in some cases it is a more accurate estimate at small sγγ/Q2. However, the EPA does not factorize in this case. See also DESY preprint 79/78. The EPA is of course inapplicable in kinematical regions where the longitudinal-scalar contributions are important 8 8.Inaccuracies due to the use of the equivalent photon approximation also tend to cancel in this ratio. Note that the equivalent photon approximation is dependent on the choice of gauge and Lorentz frame used to define transverse polarization of virtual photons. The EPA defined by S. J. Brodsky et al., in Ref. 1 refers to the radiation gauge in the e+e− CM; it has the advantage that the EPA for each photon factorizes and it can be used for double-tagged events. The EPA defined by C. Carimalo, P. Kessler and J. Parisi, College de France preprint (1979) refers to the radiation gauge of the γγ CM; it has the advantage of a simple connection with γγ → X helicity amplitudes, and in some cases it is a more accurate estimate at small sγγ/Q2. However, the EPA does not factorize in this case. See also J. H. Field, DESY preprint 79/78. The EPA is of course inapplicable in kinematical regions where the longitudinal-scalar contributions are important. refextract W. Wagner report to the DESY Workshop on Jets,(unpublished) 9 9.W. Wagner, report to the DESY Workshop on Jets, 1979 (unpublished). 1979 refextract R. Cahn and J. F. Gunion 10 Phys.Rev.,D20,2253 10.R. Cahn and J. F. Gunion, Phys. Rev. D20, 2253 (1979); 1979 refextract K. Kajantie and R. Raitio Phys.Lett.,B87,133 K. Kajantie and R. Raitio, Phys. Lett. 87B, 133 (1979). 1979 refextract A. Devoto, J. Pumplin, W. Repko and G. L. Kane Michigan State University preprint A. Devoto, J. Pumplin, W. Repko and G. L. Kane, Michigan State University preprint (1979). 1979 refextract E. Witten 11 Nucl.Phys.,B120,189 11.E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. B120, 189 (1977). 1977 refextract L. Dokshitser See also Refs. 2, 3, 5, and 6, Yu D. I, Dyakanov and S. I. Troyan, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center translation -TRANS-183, translated for Proceedings of the 13th Leningrad Winter School on Elementary Particle Physics See also Refs. 2, 3, 5, and 6, Yu. L. Dokshitser, D. I, Dyakanov and S. I. Troyan, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center translation SLAC-TRANS-183, translated for Proceedings of the 13th Leningrad Winter School on Elementary Particle Physics, 1978; 1978 SLAC-TRANS-183 refextract R. J. DeWitt, L. M. Jones, J. D. Sullivan, D. E. Willen and H. W. Wyld Phys.Rev.,D19,2046 R. J. DeWitt, L. M. Jones, J. D. Sullivan, D. E. Willen and H. W. Wyld, Phys. Rev. D19, 2046 (1979); 1979 refextract C.-M. Wu CERN preprint C.-M. Wu, CERN preprint (1979). 1979 refextract C. H. Llewellyn Smith This QCD scaling property was pointed out first by Ref. 3 12 12.This QCD scaling property was pointed out first by C. H. Llewellyn Smith, Ref. 3. refextract R. J. DeWitt et al. This approach is due to Ref. 11 13 13.This approach is due to R. J. DeWitt et al., Ref. 11. refextract L. Dokshitser et al. This result was first derived in Yu Ref. 11. See also Ref. 1. Note that this leading logarithm analysis does not take into account corrections from the gluon transverse momentum phase space limit discussed in Chapter 4 14 14.This result was first derived in Yu. L. Dokshitser et al., Ref. 11. See also Ref. 1. Note that this leading logarithm analysis does not take into account corrections from the gluon transverse momentum phase space limit discussed in Chapter 4. refextract W. A. Bardeen and A. J. Buras 15 Phys.Rev.,D20,166 15.W. A. Bardeen and A. J. Buras, Phys. Rev. D20, 166 (1979). 1979 refextract M. Chase See also T. Walsh Ref. 1 16 DAMTP-78-15 16.M. Chase, DAMTP 78/15 (1979). See also T. Walsh, Ref. 1. 1979 refextract G. P. Lepage and S. J. Brodsky 17 Phys.Lett.,B87,359 17.G. P. Lepage and S. J. Brodsky, Phys. Lett. 87B, 359 (1979). 1979 refextract H. Suura, T. F. Walsh and B. L. Young 18 Lett.Nuovo Cim.,4,505 18.H. Suura, T. F. Walsh and B. L. Young, Lett. Nuovo Cimento 4, 505 (1972). 1972 refextract S. J. Brodsky and G. P. Lepage Detailed results will be presented in (to be published) 19 19.Detailed results will be presented in S. J. Brodsky and G. P. Lepage (to be published). refextract S. J. Brodsky, F. E. Close and J. F. Gunion See also 20 Phys.Rev.,D6,177 20.See also S. J. Brodsky, F. E. Close and J. F. Gunion, Phys. Rev. D6, 177 (1972). 1972 refextract R. Blankenbecler and S. J. Brodsky For other approaches along these lines see 21 Phys.Rev.,D10,2973 21.For other approaches along these lines see R. Blankenbecler and S. J. Brodsky, Phys. Rev. D10, 2973 (1973); 1973 refextract D. Sivers, R. Blankenbecler and S. J. Brodsky Phys.Rept.,C23,1 D. Sivers, R. Blankenbecler and S. J. Brodsky, Phys. Rep. 23C, 1 (1976); 1976 refextract S. J. Brodsky and G. P. Lepage F. Henyey and W. Frazer (eds.) (AIP,) S. J. Brodsky and G. P. Lepage, in “Quantum Chromodynamics,” eds. by F. Henyey and W. Frazer (AIP, 1979 ); 1979 refextract Quantum chromodynamics S. J. Brodsky and G. P. Lepage, in “Quantum Chromodynamics,” eds. by F. Henyey and W. Frazer (AIP, 1979 ); 2007 refextract T. DeGrand Nucl.Phys.,D151,485 T. DeGrand, Nucl. Phys. D151, 485 (1979). 1979 refextract W. E. Caswell, R. R. Horgan and S. J. Brodsky For a detailed discussion, see 22 Phys.Rev.,D18,2415 22.For a detailed discussion, see W. E. Caswell, R. R. Horgan and S. J. Brodsky, Phys. Rev. D18, 2415 (1978). 1978 refextract SeeChapter 8 for references 23 23.SeeChapter 8 for references. refextract S. J. Brodsky and J. F. Gunton See also 24 Phys.Rev.,D19,1005 24.See also S. J. Brodsky and J. F. Gunton, Phys. Rev. D19, 1005 (1979). 1979 refextract M. Scadron, J. F. Gunion and N. Fuchs This result (based on earlier work in collaboration with correctly summarizes the spin effects noted in Chapter 8 25 25.This result (based on earlier work in collaboration with M. Scadron, J. F. Gunion and N. Fuchs) correctly summarizes the spin effects noted in Chapter 8; a general proof has not been given. refextract a general proof has not been given 25 25.This result (based on earlier work in collaboration with M. Scadron, J. F. Gunion and N. Fuchs) correctly summarizes the spin effects noted in Chapter 8; a general proof has not been given. refextract O. Nachtmann 26 Nucl.Phys.,B63,237 26.O. Nachtmann, Nucl. Phys. B63, 237 (1973) 1973 refextract O. Nachtmann Nucl.Phys.,B78,455 O. Nachtmann, Nucl. Phys. B78, 455 (1974). 1974 refextract H. Georgi and H. D. Politzer Phys.Rev.,D14,1829 H. Georgi and H. D. Politzer, Phys. Rev. D14, 1829 (1976); 1976 refextract A. De Rujula, A. H. Georgi and H. D. Politzer Annals Phys.,103,315 A. De Rujula, A. H. Georgi and H. D. Politzer, Ann. of Phys. 103, 315 (1977) 1977 refextract A. De Rujula, A. H. Georgi and H. D. Politzer Phys.Rev.,D15,2495 A. De Rujula, A. H. Georgi and H. D. Politzer, Phys. Rev. D15, 2495 (1977); 1977 refextract R. Barbieri, J. Ellis, M. K. Gaillard and G. G. Ross Phys.Lett.,B64,171 R. Barbieri, J. Ellis, M. K. Gaillard and G. G. Ross, Phys. Lett. 64B, 171 (1976) 1976 refextract R. Barbieri, J. Ellis, M. K. Gaillard and G. G. Ross Nucl.Phys.,B117,50 R. Barbieri, J. Ellis, M. K. Gaillard and G. G. Ross, Nucl. Phys. B117, 50 (1976). 1976 refextract A. J. Burgs A detailed review of mass corrections in QCD is given by preprint 79/17-Thy A detailed review of mass corrections in QCD is given by A. J. Burgs, Fermilab preprint 79/17-Thy (1979). 1979 144427 20190117113128.0 refextract If you don’t know, you are invited to consult someone else’s lectures 1 1.If you don’t know, you are invited to consult someone else’s lectures. refextract S. Brodsky these proceedings 2 2.S. Brodsky, these proceedings. refextract J. C. Taylor An introduction to this method can be found in Cambridge University Press 3 Gauge Theories of the Weak Interactions 3.An introduction to this method can be found in J. C. Taylor, “Gauge Theories of the Weak Interactions,” Cambridge University Press, 1976. 1976 refextract Actually an exception to this might be the pion in the limit of massless u and d quarks. In that circumstance pions are believed to be massless Goldstone bosons. However, none of that appears to have much connection with the phenomenon of QCD confinement 4 4.Actually an exception to this might be the pion in the limit of massless u and d quarks. In that circumstance pions are believed to be massless Goldstone bosons. However, none of that appears to have much connection with the phenomenon of QCD confinement. refextract S. Weinberg, I. I. Rabi Festschrift A recent review is given by to be published by the New York Academy of Sciences 5 5.A recent review is given by S. Weinberg, I. I. Rabi Festschrift, to be published by the New York Academy of Sciences. refextract D. Robson See, for example 6 Nucl.Phys.,B130,328 6.See, for example, D. Robson, Nucl. Phys. B130, 328 (1977) 1977 refextract doi:10.1016/0550-3213(78)90006-8 K. Koller and T. Walsh Nucl.Phys.,B140,449 K. Koller and T. Walsh, Nucl. Phys. B140, 449 (1978)., DOI: 10.1016/0550-3213(78)90006-8 1978 refextract J. Coyne, P. Fishbane and S. Meshkov NBS/Virginia preprint J. Coyne, P. Fishbane and S. Meshkov, NBS/Virginia preprint (1980). 1980 refextract S. Weinberg 7 Phys.Rev.,D11,3583 7.S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. D11, 3583 (1975). 1975 refextract See Robson, Ref. 6, for a discussion 8 8.See Robson, Ref. 6, for a discussion. refextract Actually an indefinite number of gluons might the color field and produce a color singlet state (of fractional charge). That this is a theoretical possibility—although not a very desirable one—was emphasized to me by Marvin Weinstein 9 bleach 9.Actually an indefinite number of gluons might “bleach” the color field and produce a color singlet state (of fractional charge). That this is a theoretical possibility—although not a very desirable one—was emphasized to me by Marvin Weinstein. refextract J. Weis For a review, see 10 Acta Phys.Polon.,B9,1051 10.For a review, see J. Weis, Acta. Phys. Polon. B9, 1051 (1978). 1978 refextract W. Heisenberg and H. Euler 11 Z.Phys.,98,714 11.W. Heisenberg and H. Euler, Zeitschrift fur Physik 98, 714 (1936);, DOI: 10.1007/BF01343663 1936 refextract doi:10.1007/BF01343663 11 11.W. Heisenberg and H. Euler, Zeitschrift fur Physik 98, 714 (1936);, DOI: 10.1007/BF01343663 refextract doi:10.1103/PhysRev.82.664 J. Schwinger Phys.Rev.,82,664 J. Schwinger, Phys. Rev. 82, 664 (1951)., DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.82.664 1951 refextract A. Casher, H. Neuberger, and S. Nussinov A recent study of this mechanism has been made by 12 Phys.Rev.,D20,179 12.A recent study of this mechanism has been made by A. Casher, H. Neuberger, and S. Nussinov, Phys. Rev. D20, 179 (1979); also Tel-Aviv preprint TAUP-747/79; see also H. Neuberger, preprint TAUP-721/79. 1979 refextract also Tel-Aviv preprint TAUP-747/79 12 12.A recent study of this mechanism has been made by A. Casher, H. Neuberger, and S. Nussinov, Phys. Rev. D20, 179 (1979); also Tel-Aviv preprint TAUP-747/79; see also H. Neuberger, preprint TAUP-721/79. refextract H. Neuberger see also preprint TAUP-721/79 12 12.A recent study of this mechanism has been made by A. Casher, H. Neuberger, and S. Nussinov, Phys. Rev. D20, 179 (1979); also Tel-Aviv preprint TAUP-747/79; see also H. Neuberger, preprint TAUP-721/79. refextract However, the OZI rule does give some motivation for a small coupling 13 13.However, the OZI rule does give some motivation for a small coupling refextract I thank Stanley Mandelstam for pointing this out to me 14 14.I thank Stanley Mandelstam for pointing this out to me. refextract J. Bjorken Lecture Notes in Physics 56, "Current Induced Reactions,’ J. Koerner, G. Kramer, and D. Schildknecht (eds.) -Verlag (N.Y.) 15 15.J. Bjorken, Lecture Notes in Physics 56, “Current Induced Reactions,’ ed. by J. Koerner, G. Kramer, and D. Schildknecht, Springer-Verlag (N.Y.), 1975. 1975 refextract Were A 16 16.Were A refextract μ not taken to be traceless, the coefficient of the unit matrix would be a U(1) degree of freedom not coupled to color at all. There is no evidence for its existence as a physical degree of freedom μ not taken to be traceless, the coefficient of the unit matrix would be a U(1) degree of freedom not coupled to color at all. There is no evidence for its existence as a physical degree of freedom. refextract A hint: the quantity Tr J 17 17.A hint: the quantity Tr J refextract μ μ refextract J J refextract μ is a color invariant μ is a color invariant. refextract The Lagrangian density is L 18 18.The Lagrangian density is L refextract ’= Tr (E ’= Tr (E refextract 2-B 2-B refextract L. Faddeev and V. Popov 19 Phys.Lett.,B25,29 19.L. Faddeev and V. Popov, Phys. Lett. 25B, 29 (1967). 1967 refextract Our notation follows that of Reference 1 20 20.Our notation follows that of Reference 1. refextract S. Frenkel 21 Phys.Rev.,D13,2325 21.S. Frenkel, Phys. Rev. D13, 2325 (1976) 1976 refextract W. Konetachny and W. Kummer Nucl.Phys.,B100,106 W. Konetachny and W. Kummer, Nucl. Phys. B100, 106 (1975);, DOI: 10.1016/0550-3213(75)90228-X 1975 refextract doi:10.1016/0550-3213(75)90228-X W. Konetachny and W. Kummer, Nucl. Phys. B100, 106 (1975);, DOI: 10.1016/0550-3213(75)90228-X refextract J. Willemsen Phys.Rev.,D17,574 J. Willemsen, Phys. Rev. D17, 574 (1978). 1978 refextract Tbis can also be explicitly checked without much difficulty 22 22.Tbis can also be explicitly checked without much difficulty. refextract V. N. Gribov preprint -TRANS-176 23 23.V. N. Gribov, SLAC preprint SLAC-TRANS-176; S. Mandelstam, invited talk at Washington Meeting of the American Physical Society, 1977. SLAC-TRANS-176 refextract S. Mandelstam invited talk at Washington Meeting of the American Physical Society 23 23.V. N. Gribov, SLAC preprint SLAC-TRANS-176; S. Mandelstam, invited talk at Washington Meeting of the American Physical Society, 1977. 1977 SLAC-TRANS-176 refextract M. Atiyah and I. Singer Generalizations of the problems have been made by Quantization in axial gauge (A 24 24.Generalizations of the problems have been made by M. Atiyah and I. Singer. Quantization in axial gauge (A refextract 3=0) provides some improvement 3=0) provides some improvement; yet there remains some residual gauge invariance, as well as possible problems with boundary terms. R. Jackiw and J. Goldstone [Phys. Lett. 74B, 81 (1978)] have presented an SU(2) example of quantization without subsidiary conditions; however the resultant formalism contains some possibly troublesome singular expressions, as well as appearing to be rather unmanageable. See also V. Baluní and B. Grossman, Phys. Lett. 78B, 226 (1978). refextract R. Jackiw and J. Goldstone yet there remains some residual gauge invariance, as well as possible problems with boundary terms have presented an SU(2) example of quantization without subsidiary conditions Phys.Lett.,B74,81 3=0) provides some improvement; yet there remains some residual gauge invariance, as well as possible problems with boundary terms. R. Jackiw and J. Goldstone [Phys. Lett. 74B, 81 (1978)] have presented an SU(2) example of quantization without subsidiary conditions; however the resultant formalism contains some possibly troublesome singular expressions, as well as appearing to be rather unmanageable. See also V. Baluní and B. Grossman, Phys. Lett. 78B, 226 (1978). 1978 refextract V. Baluní and B. Grossman however the resultant formalism contains some possibly troublesome singular expressions, as well as appearing to be rather unmanageable. See also Phys.Lett.,B78,226 3=0) provides some improvement; yet there remains some residual gauge invariance, as well as possible problems with boundary terms. R. Jackiw and J. Goldstone [Phys. Lett. 74B, 81 (1978)] have presented an SU(2) example of quantization without subsidiary conditions; however the resultant formalism contains some possibly troublesome singular expressions, as well as appearing to be rather unmanageable. See also V. Baluní and B. Grossman, Phys. Lett. 78B, 226 (1978). 1978 refextract We are thinking here of the LSZ formalism as used in Book II 25 25.We are thinking here of the LSZ formalism as used in Book II. refextract T. D. Lee and M. Nauenberg 26 Phys.Rev.,133,B1549 26.T. D. Lee and M. Nauenberg, Phys. Rev. 133, B1549 (1964);, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.133.B1549 1964 refextract doi:10.1103/PhysRev.133.B1549 26 26.T. D. Lee and M. Nauenberg, Phys. Rev. 133, B1549 (1964);, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.133.B1549 refextract doi:10.1063/1.1724268 T. Kinoshita J.Math.Phys.,3,650 T. Kinoshita, J. Math. Phys. 3, 650 (1962)., DOI: 10.1063/1.1724268 1962 refextract doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.25.316 S. Drell and T. M. Yan 27 Phys.Rev.Lett.,25,316 27.S. Drell and T. M. Yan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 25, 316 (1970)., DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.25.316 1970 refextract R. Stroynowski See the lectures of these proceedings, for an up-to-date review 28 28.See the lectures of R. Stroynowski, these proceedings, for an up-to-date review. refextract doi:10.1103/PhysRev.179.1499 K. Wilson 29 Phys.Rev.,179,1499 29.K. Wilson, Phys. Rev. 179, 1499 (1969)., DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.179.1499 1969 refextract doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.1436 G. Sterman and S. Weinberg 30 Phys.Rev.Lett.,39,1436 30.G. Sterman and S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Letters 39, 1436 (1977)., DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.1436 1977 refextract M. Fischler This problem is under study in collaboration with 31 31.This problem is under study in collaboration with M. Fischler. refextract R. Jackiw and C. Rebbi 32 Phys.Rev.Lett.,37,172 32.R. Jackiw and C. Rebbi, Phys. Rev. Letters 37, 172 (1976); C. Callan, R. Dashen, and D. Gross, Phys. Letters 63B, 334 (1976). 1976 refextract C. Callan, R. Dashen, and D. Gross 32 Phys.Lett.,B63,334 32.R. Jackiw and C. Rebbi, Phys. Rev. Letters 37, 172 (1976); C. Callan, R. Dashen, and D. Gross, Phys. Letters 63B, 334 (1976). 1976 refextract Provided, of course, one does not travel via field variables A(x) with x on the boundary of the box 33 33.Provided, of course, one does not travel via field variables A(x) with x on the boundary of the box. refextract A. Belavin, A. Polyakov, A. Schwartz, and Y. Tyupkin 34 Phys.Lett.,B59,85 34.A. Belavin, A. Polyakov, A. Schwartz, and Y. Tyupkin, Phys. Lett. 59B, 85 (1975). 1975 refextract C. Callan, R. Dashen, and D. Gross 35 Phys.Rev.,D17,2717 35.C. Callan, R. Dashen, and D. Gross, Phys. Rev. D17, 2717 (1978). 1978 refextract S. Coleman Harvard University preprint to be published in Proceedings of theInternational School of Subnuclear Physics 36 The Uses of Instantons Ettore Majorana. 36.S. Coleman, “The Uses of Instantons,” Harvard University preprint to be published in Proceedings of the 1977 International School of Subnuclear Physics “Ettore Majorana.” 1977 refextract J. Willemsen This has been verified in field-theoretical contexts by UC-Santa Cruz preprint 37 37.This has been verified in field-theoretical contexts by J. Willemsen, UC-Santa Cruz preprint (1979). 1979 refextract L. Baulieu, J. Ellis, M. K. Gaillard, and W. Zakrzewski 38 Phys.Lett.,B77,290 38.L. Baulieu, J. Ellis, M. K. Gaillard, and W. Zakrzewski, Phys. Lett. 77B, 290 (1978); 1978 refextract N. Andrei and D. Gross Phys.Rev.,D18,468 N. Andrei and D. Gross, Phys. Rev. D18, 468 (1978); 1978 refextract R. Carlitz and C. Lee Phys.Rev.,D17,3238 R. Carlitz and C. Lee, Phys. Rev. D17, 3238 (1978). 1978 refextract doi:10.1016/0550-3213(76)90412-0 G. Veneziano 39 Nucl.Phys.,B117,519 39.G. Veneziano, Nucl. Phys. B117, 519 (1976)., DOI: 10.1016/0550-3213(76)90412-0 1976 refextract D. Robson m cit 40 40.D. Robson m cit.; Reference 6. refextract Reference 6 40 40.D. Robson m cit.; Reference 6. refextract doi:10.1007/BF02730295 H. Fritzsch and P. Minkowski 41 Nuovo Cim.,A30,393 41.H. Fritzsch and P. Minkowski, Nuovo Cimento 30A, 393 (1975)., DOI: 10.1007/BF02730295 1975 refextract R. Jaffe and K. Johnson 42 Phys.Lett.,B60,201 42.R. Jaffe and K. Johnson, Phys. Lett. 60B, 201 (1976). 1976 refextract K. Johnson (private communication) argues that the pressure on the bag from the gluon field implies E2 - B2. The modes considered in Ref. 42 do not satisfy that constraint 43 43.K. Johnson (private communication) argues that the pressure on the bag from the gluon field implies E2 - B2. The modes considered in Ref. 42 do not satisfy that constraint. refextract See References 6 and 39 44 44.See References 6 and 39; also, P. Freund and Y. Nambu, Phys. Rev. Letters 34, 1646 (1975). refextract P. Freund and Y. Nambu also 44 Phys.Rev.Lett.,34,1646 44.See References 6 and 39; also, P. Freund and Y. Nambu, Phys. Rev. Letters 34, 1646 (1975). 1975 refextract J. Bolzan, K. Geer, W. Palmer, and S. Pinsky 45 Phys.Rev.Lett.,35,419 45.J. Bolzan, K. Geer, W. Palmer, and S. Pinsky, Phys. Rev. Letters 35, 419 (1975);, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.35.419 1975 refextract doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.35.419 45 45.J. Bolzan, K. Geer, W. Palmer, and S. Pinsky, Phys. Rev. Letters 35, 419 (1975);, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.35.419 refextract J. Bolzan, W. Palmer, and S. Pinsky Phys.Rev.,D14,3202 J. Bolzan, W. Palmer, and S. Pinsky, Phys. Rev. D14, 3202 (1976). 1976 refextract E. Witten See for example for a nice discussion 46 Nucl.Phys.,B156,269 46.See for example E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. B156, 269 (1979) for a nice discussion. 1979 refextract R. Brower I am grateful to for emphasizing this to me and for very useful discussions 47 47.I am grateful to R. Brower for emphasizing this to me and for very useful discussions. refextract M. Chanowitz 48 Phys.Rev.,D12,918 48.M. Chanowitz, Phys. Rev. D12, 918 (1975); 1975 refextract S. Brodsky, D. Coyne, T. DeGrand, and R. Horgan Phys.Lett.,B73,203 S. Brodsky, D. Coyne, T. DeGrand, and R. Horgan, Phys. Lett. 73B, 203 (1978). 1978 refextract doi:10.1016/0550-3213(79)90047-6 R. Barbieri, E. d’Emilio, G. Curchi, and E. Remiddi 49 Nucl.Phys.,B154,535 49.R. Barbieri, E. d’Emilio, G. Curchi, and E. Remiddi, Nucl. Phys. B154, 535 (1979)., DOI: 10.1016/0550-3213(79)90047-6 1979 refextract M. Krammer 50 Phys.Lett.,B74,361 50.M. Krammer, Phys. Letters 74B, 361 (1978). 1978 refextract A. Billoire, R. Lacaze, A. Morel, and H. Navelet 51 Phys.Lett.,B80,381 51.A. Billoire, R. Lacaze, A. Morel, and H. Navelet, Phys. Lett. 80B, 381 (1979). 1979 refextract R. Brandelik et al. Phys.Lett.,B74,292 R. Brandelik et al., Phys. Lett. 74B, 292 (1978). 1978 refextract J. Schwinger 53 Phys.Rev.,125,1043 53.J. Schwinger, Phys. Rev. 125, 1043 (1962);, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.125.1043 1962 refextract doi:10.1103/PhysRev.125.1043 53 53.J. Schwinger, Phys. Rev. 125, 1043 (1962);, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.125.1043 refextract J. Schwinger See also Ref. 59 Phys.Rev.,127,324 J. Schwinger, Phys. Rev. 127, 324 (1962). See also Ref. 59. 1962 refextract S. Drell The approach discussed here has been independently worked out by and also D. Stump (private communications). They have studied the nature of this term in greater depth 54 54.The approach discussed here has been independently worked out by S. Drell and also D. Stump (private communications). They have studied the nature of this term in greater depth. refextract S. Drell and R. Hughes This is a consequence of the renormalizability of the theory, a fact which is not self-evident in this formalism. A direct check that the next term in the expansion behaves properly is at present being carried out by (private communication) 55 55.This is a consequence of the renormalizability of the theory, a fact which is not self-evident in this formalism. A direct check that the next term in the expansion behaves properly is at present being carried out by S. Drell and R. Hughes (private communication). refextract See for example Chapter 19 of Book II 56 56.See for example Chapter 19 of Book II. refextract M. Veltman The history of renormalizability is traced quite completely by Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Electron and Photo Interactions at High Energies, H. Rollnik and W. Pfeil (eds.) (Amsterdam) 57 57.The history of renormalizability is traced quite completely by M. Veltman, Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Electron and Photo Interactions at High Energies, ed. H. Rollnik and W. Pfeil, North-Holland (Amsterdam), 1974; p. 429. 1974 refextract p. 429 57 57.The history of renormalizability is traced quite completely by M. Veltman, Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Electron and Photo Interactions at High Energies, ed. H. Rollnik and W. Pfeil, North-Holland (Amsterdam), 1974; p. 429. refextract doi:10.1016/0550-3213(74)90093-5 D.R.T. Jones 58 Nucl.Phys.,B75,531 58.D.R.T. Jones, Nucl. Phys. 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Singer on spectral flow and the index theorem [M. Atiyah, N. Hitchen, and I. Singer, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 2662 (1977); M. Atiyah, V. Patodi, and I. Singer, Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 77, 43 (1975); 79, 71 (1976)]. 1977 refextract M. Atiyah, V. Patodi, and I. Singer 74 Math.Proc.Cambridge Phil.Soc.,77,43 74.The adiabatic hypothesis is in fact unnecessary. A comprehensive study has been made by N. Christ (Columbia University Preprint CU-TF-160 (1979)), who relates all this to the work of M. Atiyah and I. Singer on spectral flow and the index theorem [M. Atiyah, N. Hitchen, and I. Singer, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 2662 (1977); M. Atiyah, V. Patodi, and I. Singer, Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 77, 43 (1975); 79, 71 (1976)]. 1975 refextract 74 Math.Proc.Cambridge Phil.Soc.,79,71 74.The adiabatic hypothesis is in fact unnecessary. A comprehensive study has been made by N. Christ (Columbia University Preprint CU-TF-160 (1979)), who relates all this to the work of M. Atiyah and I. Singer on spectral flow and the index theorem [M. Atiyah, N. Hitchen, and I. Singer, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 2662 (1977); M. Atiyah, V. Patodi, and I. Singer, Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 77, 43 (1975); 79, 71 (1976)]. 1976 refextract J. Kiskis has explicitly identified the levels as they cross zero energy 75 Phys.Rev.,D18,3690 75.J. Kiskis [Phys. Rev. D18, 3690 (1978)] has explicitly identified the levels as they cross zero energy. 1978 refextract L. Brown, R. Carlitz, and C. K. Lee Phys.Rev.,D16,417 L. Brown, R. Carlitz, and C. K. Lee, Phys. Rev. D16, 417 (1977) 1977 refextract A. Schwartz Phys.Lett.,678,172 A. Schwartz, Phys. Lett. 678, 172 (1977) 1977 refextract R. Jackiw and C. Rebbi Phys.Rev.,D16,1052 R. Jackiw and C. Rebbi, Phys. Rev. D16, 1052 (1977);, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.16.1052 1977 refextract doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.16.1052 R. Jackiw and C. Rebbi, Phys. Rev. D16, 1052 (1977);, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.16.1052 refextract doi:10.1016/0550-3213(77)90453-9 N. K. 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Caldi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 39, 121 (1977);, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.121 refextract doi:10.1016/0003-4916(79)90133-7 R. Carlitz and D. Creamer Annals Phys.,118,429 R. Carlitz and D. Creamer, Annals of Physics 118, 429 (1979)., DOI: 10.1016/0003-4916(79)90133-7 1979 refextract H. Quinn and M. Weinstein (private communication) 78 78.H. Quinn and M. Weinstein (private communication). refextract There is a solid current-algebra calculation connection 9 with the neutron electric dipole moment 79 79.There is a solid current-algebra calculation connection 9 with the neutron electric dipole moment; R. Crewther, P. diVecchia, G. Veneziano, and E. Witten, CERN preprint CERN-TH-2735 (1979); refextract R. Crewther P. diVecchia, G. Veneziano, and E. Witten CERN preprint 9) 79 CERN-TH-2735-197 79.There is a solid current-algebra calculation connection 9 with the neutron electric dipole moment; R. Crewther, P. diVecchia, G. Veneziano, and E. Witten, CERN preprint CERN-TH-2735 (1979); refextract V. 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This ex eriment will observe from Dome-C in the Antarctic. Web site http://tonno.tesre.bo.cnr.it/ valenzia/ APACHE/ apache.html contains more information. APACHE. This ex eriment will observe from Dome-C in the Antarctic. Web site contains more information refextract doi:10.1086/187205 1994 ARGO. A balloon-borne bolometer based experiment. Results are reported in de Bernardis, et al Astrophys.J.,422,L33 74 74.ARGO. A balloon-borne bolometer based experiment. Results are reported in de Bernardis, et al. 1994, Ap.J. 422: L33., DOI: 10.1086/187205 refextract 1993 Subrahmanyan R. Ekers ATCA: Australia Telescope Compact Array. An interferometer operating at 8.7 GHz with a 2’ resolution produced a map that was analyzed for anisotropy. The results are reported in R. D., Sinclair, M. & Silk J Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc.,263,416 75 75.ATCA: Australia Telescope Compact Array. An interferometer operating at 8.7 GHz with a 2’ resolution produced a map that was analyzed for anisotropy. The results are reported in Subrahmanyan R. Ekers, R. D., Sinclair, M. & Silk J. 1993 MNRAS 263:416. refextract 76 76.BAM: Balloon Anisotropy Measurement. This uses a differential Fourier transform spectrometer to measure the spectrum of the anisotropy between 90 and 300 GHz. Recent results are reported in astro- ph/9609108. More information may be obtained from http://cmbr. physics.ubc.edu. BAM: Balloon Anisotropy Measurement. This uses a differential Fourier transform spectrometer to measure the spectrum of the anisotropy between 90 and 300 GHz. Recent results are reported in astro- ph/9609108. More information may be obtained from physics.ubc.edu refextract 77 77.Bartol. This is a bolometer-based experiment designed to look at 2° angular scales. It observed from the Canary Islands. Results are reported in Piccirillo et al. astroph/9609186. Bartol. This is a bolometer-based experiment designed to look at 2° angular scales. It observed from the Canary Islands. Results are reported in astroph/9609186 Piccirillo et al. refextract 78 78.BOOMERanG is a collaboration between the Caltech, Berkele, Santa Barbara, (Ruhl) and Rome groups. It will use bolometers to measure the anisotropy in the CMB between 90 and 410 GHz. The ultimate goal is a circumpolar Antarctic flight. BOOMERanG is a collaboration between the Caltech, Berkele, Santa Barbara, (Ruhl) and Rome groups. It will use bolometers to measure the anisotropy in the CMB between 90 and 410 GHz. The ultimate goal is a circumpolar Antarctic flight refextract 79 79.CBI: Cosmic Back ound Imager. This is an interferometer that plans to produce maps of the microwave sk near 30 GHz. CBI: Cosmic Back ound Imager. This is an interferometer that plans to produce maps of the microwave sk near 30 GHz refextract doi:10.1086/187835 1995 Gundersen, J. et al. HACME/SP. This uses HEMTs on the ACME telescope. Observations were made from the South Pole. Recent results are reported in Astrophys.J.,443,L57 80 80.HACME/SP. This uses HEMTs on the ACME telescope. Observations were made from the South Pole. Recent results are reported in Gundersen, J. et al. 1995 Ap.J. 443: L57., DOI: 10.1086/187835 refextract 1993 IAB. A bolometer-based experiment carried out at the Italian Antarctic Base. Result are reported in Piccirillo, L. & Calisse, P Astrophys.J.,413,529 81 81.IAB. A bolometer-based experiment carried out at the Italian Antarctic Base. Result are reported in Piccirillo, L. & Calisse, P. 1993 Ap.J. 413: 529. refextract 82 82.MAT. This is the Mobile Anisotropy Telescope. It is similar to QMAP but is designed to operate from the ground in Chile. MAT. This is the Mobile Anisotropy Telescope. It is similar to QMAP but is designed to operate from the ground in Chile refextract 1996 Lim et al. MAX was a collaboration between UCSB and Berkeley. It is a balloon-borne bolometer-based radiometer spanning roughly between 90 and 420 GHz. Recent results are reported in It flew on the ACME telescope Astrophys.J.,469,169 83 83.MAX was a collaboration between UCSB and Berkeley. It is a balloon-borne bolometer-based radiometer spanning roughly between 90 and 420 GHz. Recent results are reported in Lim et al.1996 Ap. J. 469:169. It flew on the ACME telescope. refextract 84 84.MAXIMA is a collaboration between Caltech and Berkeley. It is the next generation of MAX. Web site http://physics7.berkeley.edu/group/cmb/gen.html contains more information. MAXIMA is a collaboration between Caltech and Berkeley. It is the next generation of MAX. Web site contains more information refextract 85 85.MSAM. There are a number of versions of MSAM. All use bolometers of various sorts and fly on balloons. The MSAM collaboration includes NASA/GSFC, Bartol Research Institute, Brown University, and the University of Chicago. MSAM. There are a number of versions of MSAM. All use bolometers of various sorts and fly on balloons. The MSAM collaboration includes NASA/GSFC, Bartol Research Institute, Brown University, and the University of Chicago refextract 86 86.OVRO. The Owen’s Valley Radio Observatoty telescopes operate with various receivers between 15 and 30 GHz. The 40 m dish has a 2’ beam, and the 5.5 m has a 7.3’ beam. The experiments are aimed primarily at small angular scales. OVRO. The Owen’s Valley Radio Observatoty telescopes operate with various receivers between 15 and 30 GHz. The 40 m dish has a 2’ beam, and the 5.5 m has a 7.3’ beam. The experiments are aimed primarily at small angular scales refextract doi:10.1086/176363 1995 PYTHON. A multi pixel bolometer- and HEMT- based experiment operated from the ground at the South Pole. The experiment has run in a number of configurations. Recent results are reported in Ruhl, J., et al Astrophys.J.,453,L1 87 87.PYTHON. A multi pixel bolometer- and HEMT- based experiment operated from the ground at the South Pole. The experiment has run in a number of configurations. Recent results are reported in Ruhl, J., et al. 1995, Ap.J., 453: L1., DOI: 10.1086/176363 refextract 88 88.QMAP. This is a balloon-borne experiment that uses a combination of HEMTs and SIS detectors. The angular resolution is 1/5°. This experiment is designed to produce “true” maps of the sky. QMAP. This is a balloon-borne experiment that uses a combination of HEMTs and SIS detectors. The angular resolution is 1/5°. This experiment is designed to produce maps of the sky true refextract 89 89.SASK. These experiments are based on HEMT amplifiers operating between 26 and 46 GHz. They were performed in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan CA. Three years of observations have gone into the final data set. SASK. These experiments are based on HEMT amplifiers operating between 26 and 46 GHz. They were performed in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan CA. Three years of observations have gone into the final data set refextract 90 90.SUZIE is a bolometer-based experiment that observes from the ground. It is primarily intended to measure the SZ effect at high frequencies though it will also give information on the anisotropy at small scales. SUZIE is a bolometer-based experiment that observes from the ground. It is primarily intended to measure the SZ effect at high frequencies though it will also give information on the anisotropy at small scales refextract 91 91.TopHat is a collaboration between Bartol Research Institute, Brown University, DSRI, NASA/GSFC, and the University of Chicago. The group plans to observe with an extremely light-weight bolometer-based payload mounted on top of a scientific balloon that circumnavigates the Antarctic. For more information see http://cobi.gsfc.nasa.gov/msam-tophat.html. TopHat is a collaboration between Bartol Research Institute, Brown University, DSRI, NASA/GSFC, and the University of Chicago. The group plans to observe with an extremely light-weight bolometer-based payload mounted on top of a scientific balloon that circumnavigates the Antarctic. For more information see refextract doi:10.1038/367333a0 1994 Hancock et al. Tenerife. Ground based differential radiometers with 10-33 GHz receivers. The resolution is about 6°. The experiment observes from the Observatorio del Teide in Tenerife, Spain. It has operated for many years. Recent results are discussed in Nature,367,333 92 92.Tenerife. Ground based differential radiometers with 10–33 GHz receivers. The resolution is about 6°. The experiment observes from the Observatorio del Teide in Tenerife, Spain. It has operated for many years. Recent results are discussed in Hancock et al. 1994, Nature, 367, 333., DOI: 10.1038/367333a0 refextract 93 93.VCA: Very Compact Array. This is an interferometer being developed at the University of Chicago. It will produce maps of the CMB at 30 GHz and be sensitive to larger angular scales than CBI. VCA: Very Compact Array. This is an interferometer being developed at the University of Chicago. It will produce maps of the CMB at 30 GHz and be sensitive to larger angular scales than CBI refextract doi:10.1086/172254 1993 Fomalont et al. VLA. This is work done near 5 GHz, on arcminute and smaller angular scales. It uses the Very Large Array. Recent results are reported in Astrophys.J.,404,8-20 94 94.VLA. This is work done near 5 GHz, on arcminute and smaller angular scales. It uses the Very Large Array. Recent results are reported in Fomalont et al. 1993, Ap.J. 404: 8 – 20., DOI: 10.1086/172254 refextract 95 95.VSA: Very Small Array. This is a 30 GHz interferometer; the next generation of CAT. Web site http://www.mrao.com.ac.uk/telescopes/cat/vsa.html contains more information. VSA: Very Small Array. This is a 30 GHz interferometer refextract 95 95.VSA: Very Small Array. This is a 30 GHz interferometer; the next generation of CAT. Web site http://www.mrao.com.ac.uk/telescopes/cat/vsa.html contains more information. the next generation of CAT. Web site contains more information refextract doi:10.1086/187133 1993 Tucker et al. White Dish. This experiment uses and on-axis Cassegrain telescope and a 90 GHz single-mode bolometer. It observed at the South Pole and is sensitive to small angular scales. Results are reported in Astrophys.J.,419,L45 96 96.White Dish. This experiment uses and on-axis Cassegrain telescope and a 90 GHz single-mode bolometer. It observed at the South Pole and is sensitive to small angular scales. Results are reported in Tucker et al., 1993, Ap.J. 419: L45., DOI: 10.1086/187133 refextract Ratra, B. The original compilation was reported in Ratra & Sugiyama, 1995. This is available through Ratra has kept the list up-to-date and kindly supplied his more recent results astro-ph/9512157 1996 97 97.Ratra, B. 1996. 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