Guide for the Use of the HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS INDEX Keywords 1996
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The terms in this keyword list are used by the DESY Documentation 
Service for the indexing of papers on high energy 
(beam momentum above 400 MeV (per nucleon)) and particle physics,
accelerator and detector technology and quantum field theory.

1.  Purpose of Keywords Assignment

Our keywords serve the following purposes: they allow the generation of a 
subject index for the biweekly periodical HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS INDEX (HEPI),
they are important for computerized information retrieval and SDI 
(Selective Dissemination of Information) service at DESY and other 
high-energy physics centers. The total keywords assigned to a paper 
may also be useful as a sort of abstract.
A search by keywords is also valuable in SPIRES.

2.  Form of Keyword Assignment

Keywords may be used singly or coupled by comma and blank (for example: 
'field theory' (single) and 'field theory, nonabelian' (coupled)).
While the first term is generally a regular keyword, the second term may be a 
keyword or a non-keyword. 

Non-keywords which are frequently used are standardized; they are contained 
in the alphabetical list (see also point 10).

3.  Depth of Indexing

Papers on peripheral topics will usually have fewer keywords per paper than 
papers on high energy physics. Examples of peripheral topics are 
quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, gravitation, astrophysics, and
nuclear physics with beam energy above 400 MeV/nucleon.

4.  Classification

Beside of indexing the selected papers are classified with 16 topical 
fields, one main and any number of secondary fields. For example: 
Experimental papers on electroproduction of charmed particles are 
assigned to the main field ((E)) and the secondary field ((C)); 
books on field theory are assigned to the main field ((3)) and the 
secondary field ((Z)).

The 16 topical fields are the following:

I.  Experimental Physics

 ((A))    general (also cosmic radiation, nuclear physics,
          and gravitational radiation)
 ((B))    weak interactions
 ((C))    electromagnetic interactions, photoproduction
 ((D))    strong interactions
 ((E))    charm, beauty, truth

II.  Technology and Techniques in High Energy Physics

 ((F))    accelerators
 ((G))    detecting systems, experimental methods and data analysis
          methods

III.  Theoretical Physics

 ((T))    general (also relativistic quantum mechanics, mathematics,
                  statistical mechanics, cosmic radiation,
                  nuclear physics, and gravitational radiation)
 ((U))    weak interactions
 ((V))    electromagnetic interactions, photoproduction
 ((W))    strong interactions
 ((X))    charm, beauty, truth
 ((Y))    symmetry principles (also current algebra)
 ((Z))    quantum field theory

IV.  Monographs and Conference Proceedings

 ((3))    books
 ((4))    conferences

5.  Two-Particle Initial State

Most of the combinations of any two particles (but not all) in the list 
are single regular keywords. They are to be used for the description
of the initial state of interactions. The particles are arranged in order 
of rising masses, in case of same masses in order of charges: 
positive particle before negative particle
(except 'electron positron' and 'anti-p p').

6.  Particle Spectra and Other Particle Combinations

Particles or particle combinations in final or intermediate states 
in conjunction with the keywords:

angular correlation, angular distribution, bound state, correlation, 
coupling, coupling constant, double-beta decay, energy spectrum, 
final state, interference, mass difference, mass ratio, 
mass spectrum, mixing angle, momentum spectrum, particle identification, 
universality, vertex function, yield

follow the keyword and are listed in parentheses in the order of
decreasing masses, in case of same masses in the order charge  ( + - ).

 Examples:

 angular distribution, (photon)
 final state, (n p 0lepton)
 bound state, (nucleon 2pi)
 mass spectrum, (pi+ pi- pi0)

but :
 K0 anti-K0, interference
 D0 anti-D0, interference
 B0 anti-B0, interference

7.  Reaction Equations

Reactions of two particles or decay modes of a particle are given as 
in the following examples:

 anti-p p  -->  K0 K- pi+
 p p  -->  p anything
 Delta(1232)0  -->  p pi-
 photon deuteron  -->  2p pi- (n)pi0 anything0

Particles on the left-hand side are arranged in the order of beam and 
target, particles on the right-hand side are arranged in the order of 
decreasing masses, in case of equal masses in the order of charge ( + - ).

8.  Resonances

Meson and baryon resonances are generally named as in the Particle Data 
Group Tables; charge states are indicated only for the rho(770) and 
the Delta(1232). Heavy-quark particles are commonly not calles resonances.

For new and yet unnamed resonances the mass (in MeV) may be
given in parentheses,
 e.g.   mass enhancement, (1440)   or   postulated particle, (1440)  .

9.  Energy Declarations

Energy resp. momentum is given in the same way as in the paper, but always 
in GeV, above 10**5 in exponential form.
Additionally papers are assigned to energy-ranges.

    ------------------------------------------------------------------
    |       |             |  E(beam) [GeV]          (target: nucleon)|
    |       |             |------------------------------------------|
    | Range |   E(cms)    |              |              |            |
    |       |    [GeV]    |  beam: e-,   |  beam: K     |  beam: p   |
    |       |             |  photon, pi  |              |            |
    |-------|-------------|--------------|--------------|------------|
    | ((1)) |  0.0 - 3.0  |  0.0 - 4.32  |  0.0 - 4.20  |  0.0 - 3.85|
    | ((2)) |     - 10.0  |      - 52.8  |      - 52.7  |      - 52.3|
    | ((3)) |     - 30.0  |      - 479.  |      - 479.  |      - 478.|
    | ((4)) |    - 100.0  |       ....         - 5325.         ....  |
    | ((5)) |    - 300.0  |       ....        - 47900.         ....  |
    | ((6)) |   - 1000.0  |       ....       - 532500.         ....  |
    | ((7)) |  - 10000.0  |       ....     - 53250000.         ....  |
    | ((8)) |  > 10000.0  |       ....     > 53250000.         ....  |
    ------------------------------------------------------------------

For asymmetric colliders the centre-of-mass energy is 
E(cms) = 2 sqrt(E(1)E(2)). 
No energy range is given in case of cosmic radiation (when no interactions 
are discussed) and for nucleus nucleus interactions.

Additional information on momentum transfer, limited angular range,
etc. may be included. The general rules are illustrated by the 
following examples :

 1.5-2.7 GeV-cms, ((1))
 1.75, 3.00, 4.50 GeV/c, ((1)) ((2))
 351 GeV (pi), 280 GeV (p), ((3))
 27.7 GeV/c/nucleon, 8.4 GeV-cms/nucleon
 > 5*10**5 GeV, 2-5 degrees, ((6)) ((7)) ((8))
 approx. 200 GeV/c, 0.5 < |t| < 2.5 GeV**2, ((3))

10.  Alphabetical Keyword List

There are three kinds of entries in the alphabetical list:
  regular keywords (boldface and blank space in column 1);
  standardized non-keywords ("*" in column 1); these terms are generally 
    coupled to regular keywords. There are also non-keywords which have
    not been standardized; they are not contained in this keyword list;
  terms which are not used ("-" in column 1).

Comments or rules of use are given in parentheses."Restricted use" means 
that a keyword is used only in cases where it is of central importance 
in the paper considered.

Entries are ordered in the following sorting sequence:

blank . ( + | * ) ; - / , < > : ' = 0....9 aA....zZ