Life and Work of Rolf Wideröe by © Pedro Waloschek,     => Contents

[Aa83] Aaserud, F. og Vaagen, J.: `Et møte med Rolf Widerøe, den første akseleratordesigner', Naturen, No. 5-6, 191-196 (1983).

[As82] Aspelund, O.: `Rolf Wideröe - Scientist of exceptional dimensions', Morgenbladet, Oslo, Saturday, July 10, 1982.

[Am81] Amaldi, E.: `The Bruno Touschek Legacy', CERN-Report No.8119, 83 pages (1981).

[Ba60] Barendsen, G.W.: in `The Initial Effects of Ionising Radiation on Cell', Academic Press London (1961), p.183.

[Be62] Bender, M.A. and Gooch, P.C.: J. Rad. Biol. 5, 133 (1962).

[Be90] Bergmüller, H.: `Eine Erinnerung an C.H.F.Müller', published by Philips Medizin Systeme GmbH, Hamburg (1990).

[Bi26] Biermanns, J.: `Überströme in Hochspannungsanlagen', book, Springer (1926).

[Br27] Breit, G. and Tuve, M.A.: Carnegie Institution Year Book 27, 209 (1927/28) (on betatron tests).

[Br28] Breit, G., Dahl, O., Hafstad, L.R. und Tuve, M.A.: (Carnegie Institution), on Tesla-coil high voltage devices; Nature 121, 535 (1928), Phys. Rev.: 35, 51 (1930); 35, 66 (1930); 35, 1406 (1930); 36, 1261 (1930).

[Br30] Brasch, A. und Lange, F.: Naturwiss., 18, 769 (1930); Z. Physik, 70, 10 (1931) (on experiments with high voltage).

[Cl87] Close, F., Marten, M. und Sutton, Ch.: `The Particle Explosion', Oxford University Press (1987), 239 pages.

[Ch50] Christofilos, N.: `Focusing System for Ions and Electrons' USpatent No. 2,736,799, submitted on March 10, 1950, issued on Febr. 28, 1956, reprinted in [Li66] on p.270.

[Co32] Cockroft, J.D. and Walton, E.T.S.: Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), A136, 619 (1932); A137, 229 (1932); A144, 333 (134).

[Co52] Courant, E.D., Livingston, S.L. and Snyder, H.S.: `The Strong Focusing Synchrotron - A New High Energy Accelerator', Phys. Rev. 88, 1190-1196 (1952), reprinted in [Li66] p.262.

[Co83] Cohen, L.: `Biophysical Models in Radiation Oncology', CRC-Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, 1983.

[Da81] Dahl, O.: `Trollmann og rundbrenner' Gyldendal Norsk Forlag - Oslo (1981), Autobiography, 228 pages.

[Da92] Dahl, P.F.: `Rolf Wideröe: Progenitor of Particle Accelerators', SSC-Report SSCL-SR-1186, 10 pages (1992).

[Ec93] Eckert, M.: `Die Atomphysiker - Eine Geschichte der theoretischen Physik am Beispiel der Sommerfeld-Schule', Vieweg Braunschweig (1993), 308 pages.

[Fe81] Fehr, W.: `C.H.F.Müller ...mit Röntgen begann die Zukunft', published by C.H.F.Müller, 87 pages, 1981.

[Fo93] Ford, J.: `Little Linacs Fight Cancer', Beam Line (SLAC), 23, Nr. 1, p. 613 (1993).

[Gi93] Giel, R,: letters to R. Wideröe and P. Waloschek (1993)

[Go46] Goward, F.K. and Barnes, D.E.: Nature, 158, 413 (1946).

[Go64] Gonella, L., Nabholz, H. and Wideröe, R.: `The Turin 100-MeV Electron Synchrotron' Nuclear Instr. & Methods, 27 141-155 (1964).

[Gr31] Graaff, R. J. Van de: Phys. Rev. 38, 1919A (1931). First of a series of papers on electrostatic high voltage generators.

[Gr21] Greinacher, H.: Z.Physik 4, 195 (1921) (cascade generator).

[Gu46] Gund, K.: Dissertation Göttingen (1947) (unpublished).

[Gu49] Gund, K. und Reich, H.: Z.Physik 126, 383 (1949).

[Gu50] Gund, K. und Paul, W.: `Experiments with a 6-MeV-Betatron', Nucleonics, 7, 37 (July, 1950).

[Ha65] Haissinski, J.: `Expériences sur l'anneau de collisions AdA', Thèse, Orsay Serie A, No. 81, soutenue le 5 février 1965.

[He87] Hermann, A., Krige, J., Mersits, U. and Pestre, D.: `History of CERN', North Holland Amsterdam Vol. 1 and 2 (1987).

[Hy46] Hylleraas, E.A., Randers, G., Tangen, R. and Wergeland, H.: A report on Wideröe's activity during the War written for the Oslo Police. (text in Norwegian), 15pages, typed; Febr. 14, 1946; Norw. National Archives Oslo (see [Wa94]).

[Is24] Ising, G.: `Prinzip einer Methode zur Herstellung von Kanalstrahlen hoher Voltzahl' (in German), Arkiv för matematik o. fysik, 18,  Nr. 30, 1-4 (1924).

[Is33] Ising, G.: `Högspänningsmetoder för atomsprängning' in Kosmos, Annuary of the Swedish Phys. Assoc. (1933).

[Ja36] Jassinski, W.W.: Arch. f. Elektrot., 30, 590 (1936).

[Ja84] Jacob, M. and Johnsen, K.: `A Review of Accelerator and Particle Physics at the CERN Intersecting Storage Rings', CERN 84-13, Nov. 30, 1984.

[Jo78] Jones, R.V.: `Most Secret War', Hamish Hamilton Ltd., 1978, Coronet Edition 1979, 702 pages.

[Jo79] Johnson, B.: `The Secret War' British Broadcasting Co. (BBC) book 1978, paperback 1979, 352 pages.

[Ka47] Kaiser, H.F. (U.S. Naval Research Lab., Washington, D.C.): `European Electron Induction accelerators', J. of Appl. Phys. 18, 1-17 (1947). Review, with many details of the work of Gund and Wideröe and on the BBC 200-MeV betatron project.

[Ke40a] Kerst, D.W.: `Acceleration of Electrons by Magnetic Induction', Letter to the Editor of Oct. 15, 1940, Phys.Rev., 58, 841 (1940) and `Induction Electron Accelerator', Comm. to the APS, Nov. 22-23, 1940, Phys.Rev. 59, 110 (1941).

[Ke40b] Kerst, D.W. (General Electric): `Magnetic Induction accelerator' US-patent No. 2,297,305, submitted on Nov. 13, 1940, issued on Sept. 29, 1942.

[Ke41a] Kerst, D.W.: `The Acceleration of Electrons by Magnetic Induction', Phys.Rev. 60, 47-53 (1941), reprinted in [Li66].

[Ke41b] Kerst, D.W. and Serber, R.: `Electronic Orbits in the Induction accelerator', Phys.Rev. 60, 53 (1941), reprinted in [Li66].

[Ke42] Kerst, D.W.: `20 MeV Betatron or Induction accelerator', Jour.Sci.Instr. 13, 387-394 (1942).

[Ke46] Kerst, D.W.: (Historic Review) Nature 157, 90 (1946).

[Ke56] Kerst, D.W., Cole, F.T., Crane, H.R., Jones, L.W., Laslett, L.J., Ohkawa, T., Sessler, A.M., Symon, K.R., Terwilliger, K.W. and Nilsen, N.V.: `Attainment of Very High Energy by Means of Intersecting Beams of Particles', (subm. on Jan. 23, 1956), Phys. Rev. (Letters)  102, 590-591 (1956).

[Ko45] Kollath, R.: Report 11.12.45, ETH-Libr. Hs 903: 29 (5 pages).

[Ko47] Kollath, R. und Schumann, G.: `Untersuchungen an einem 15-MeV-Betatron', Z. Naturforschg. 2a, 634-642 (1947).

[Ko55] Kollath, R.: `Teilchenbeschleuniger', Vieweg Verlag Braunschweig, 1st ed. 1955 (222 pages), 2nd improved ed. with several co-authors 1962 (335 pages).

[La30] Lawrence, E.O. and Edlefsen, N.E.: Science, 72, 376 (1930)

[La31a] Lawrence, E.O. and Sloan, D.: Proc. Nat. Ac. Sc., 17, 64 (1931) and `The Production of Heavy High Speed Ions without the Use of High Voltages', Phys. Rev. 38, 2022 (1931) reprinted in [Li66], p. 151.

[La31b] Lawrence, E.O. and Livingstone M.S.: (first cyclotron in operation; 80 keV, 13 cm) Commun. to the Am. Phys. Soc., in May, 1931; Phys. Rev 37, 1707 (1931).

[Le18] Lenard, Ph.: `Quantitatives über Kathodenstrahlen aller Geschwindigkeiten', in `Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften', Heidelberg 1918 (2. ed. 1925); Carl Winter Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 1 to 258 + tables.

[Li31] Livingston, M.S.: `The Production of high-velocity Hydrogen Ions without the Use of High Voltages', PhD thesis, University of California, April 14, 1931.

[Li62] Livingston, M.S. and Blewett, J.P.: `Particle Accelerators', McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. (1962), 666 p.

[Li66] Livingston, M.S.: `The Development of High-Energy-Accelerators', commented reprints or translations of original papers (book), Dover Publish. Inc. N.Y. (1966).

[Mc45] McMillan, E.M.: `The Synchrotron - A Proposed High Energy Particle Accelerator', Phys. Rev. 68, 143-144 (1945) (Issue Nr.5 and 6, Sept.1 and 15 1945), submitted on Sept.5, 1945; reprinted in [Li66].

[Me44] Meyer-Delius: BBC meeting minutes. ETH-Libr. Hs903: 63

[Mu43] `Dr. Müller': `Über die Elektronenerzeugung im Strahlentransformator', typed report, drawings, ETH-Libr. Hs903: 47.

[O'N56] O'Neill, G.: `The Storage Ring Synchrotron', Proc. Int. Conf. on High Energy Accelerators, Vol.1, p.64-67(1956).

[O'N59] O'Neill, G.: `Storage Rings for Electrons and Protons', Proc. Int. Conf. on High-Energy Accelerators and Instrumentation', CERN, Geneva 1959, pages 125-136.

[O'N76] O'Neill, G.: `The High Frontier, Human Colonies in Space' (book), William Morrow New York (1976), 283 pages; ref. on Wideröe on p. 239.

[Os87] Osietzki, M.: `Das Liliput-Zyklotron - ein vergessenes Projekt', Kultur und Technik, 3, 182-187 (1987).

[Os88] Osietzki, M.: `Kernphysikalische Großgeräte... Teilchenbeschleuniger bei Siemens 1935-45' in `Technikgeschichte', 55, p. 25-46 (1988).

[Pa47] Paul, W. und Dänzer, H.: `Betatrons', Chap. 5.5 in `Naturforschung und Medizin in Deutschland 1939-1946' Vol. 14, PartII, p. 49-80, Chemie-Publishers, Weinheim (1947).

[Pa79] Paul, W.: `Early Days in the Development of Accelerators', Proc. Internat. Symposium in Honor of Robert R. Wilson, April 27, 1979.

[Pa93] Paul, W.: letter to P. Waloschek from Jan. 14, 1993.

[Pu82] Purohit, S.C. and Pohlit, W.: Int. Journ. Radiation and Onkol. Biol. Phys. 8, 495-499 (1982).

[Ru29] Rüdenberg, R. (Herausgeber): `Relais und Schutzschaltungen in elektrischen Kraftwerken und Netzen' (book) Julius Springer Berlin 1929, 284 pages.

[Ru33] Rüdenberg, R. und Steenbeck, M. (Siemens): German-Pat. No. 656,378, submitted on March 1, 1933, issued Febr. 4, 1938.

[Sa93] Sand, Helene: on Viggo Wideröe, Illustrated Weekly `Perspektiv', Oslo, August 15, 1993, No. 4, p. 32-33.

[Sch72] Schumacher, W.: `Nutzbarmachung neuer Erkenntnisse über die Fraktionierung bei der Bestrahlung bösartiger Tumoren für die Praxis' Röntgen-Berichte, Vol 1, p. 91-100 (1972)

[Se58] Sempert, M.: `Das Brown Boveri 31-MeV-Betatron für zerstörungsfreie Werkstoffprüfung', Brown Boveri Mitteilungen, 45, 383-396 (1958).

[Se80] Segrè, E.: `From X-Rays to Quarks - Modern Physicists and their Discoveries' (book) San Francisco, Freeman 1980, 337 p.

[Sl22] Slepian, J.: `X-Ray Tube' US-Pat. 1,645,304, submitted on April 1, 1922, published on Oct. 11, 1927. Submitted in Germany too, published 1928.

[St35] Steenbeck, M. (Siemens): German patent No. 698,867, submitted on March 7, 1935, published on Dec. 6, 1940 (Austrian Patent No. 153,324).

[St36] Steenbeck, M. (Siemens): US-patent 2,103,303, submitted on March 3, 1936, published on Dec. 28, 1937.

[St42] Steenbeck, M.: Article in `Electronics', February 1942, p.2223.

[St43] Steenbeck, M.: `Beschleunigung von Elektronen durch elektrische Wirbelfelder', Naturwissenschaften, Issue 19/20, 31, 234 (1943).

[St67] Steenbeck, M.: `Impulse und Wirkungen - Schritte auf meinem Lebensweg', (book) Verlag der Nation Berlin DDR (1977), 447 pages.

[Sw92] Swinne, E.: `Richard Gans - Hochschullehrer in Deutschland und Argentinien', (book) Berliner Beiträge zur Geschichte der Naturwiss. und der Technik, ERS-Verlag, Berlin (1992).

[Sw93] Swinne, E.: letters to P. Waloschek (1993).

[Ta93] Tangen, R.: letters to P. Waloschek (1993).

[To45] Touschek, B.: typed reports on the betatron (in German), ETH-Libr. Hs 903: 29, 30, 33, 73, 74.

[To60] Touschek, B.: First proposal to built an electron-positron storage ring, presented at Frascati, March 7, 1960 [Am81].

[Ve45] Veksler, V.: `A New Method of Acceleration of Relativistic Particles', Journal of Physics UdSSR, 9, 153-158 (1945), English translation in [Li66].

[Wa29] Walton, E.T.S.: Proc. Cambr. Phil. Soc. 25, 469-481 (1929).

[Wa91] Waloschek, P.: `Reise ins Innerste der Materie - Mit HERA an die Grenzen des Wissens', 280 pages, DVA Stuttgart (1991).

[Wa93] Waloschek, P.: `Wideröe über Wideröe - Ein Zeitzeuge berichtet', Video, 55 min., from October 1992, in German. VHS copies can be obtained from Nick Wall Photography, Achter Lüttmoor 45, D - 22559 Hamburg.

[Wa94] Waloschek, P.: `Some remarks on Wideröe's Biography', DESY Internal Report, 1994 (in preparation).

[We45] Westendorp, W.F.: J. Appl. Phys. 16, 657 (1945).

[Wi23] Wideröe, R.: original copy-books from 1923 to 1928, with sketches and computations on the ray-transformer, ETHLibr. Zurich, Hs 903: 633-638.

[Wi24] Wideröe, R.: `Inflationsanalyse', report on the inflation 192223, Statsökonomisk Tidskrift (Oslo 1924) p.189206.

[Wi28] Wideröe, R.: `Über ein neues Prinzip zur Herstellung hoher Spannungen', Arch. f. Elektrot. 21, 387 (1928) (Wideröe's dissertation in Aachen); English in [Li66].

[Wi37] Wideröe, R.: `Über technische Probleme der gekuppelten Kraftwerke in Ostnorwegen', in `E und M Wien' (Elektrotechnik und Maschinenbau), 55, 617-624 (1937).

[Wi42] Wideröe, R.: `Der Strahlentransformator', Arch. f. Elektrot., 37, 542-555 (1943), submitted on Sept. 15, 1942.

[Wi43a] Wideröe, R. (BBC): German patent No. 876,279 (on storage rings); submitted on Sept. 8, 1943, issued on May 11, 1953.

[Wi43b] Wideröe, R.: Report on the historic development of betatrons, many references, from Oct. 1, 1943, ETH-Libr. Hs 903: 46.

[Wi43c] Wideröe, R.: Report `Fast building of betatrons in Germany', from Oslo, Nov. 6, 1943, 4 pages, ETHLibr. Hs 903: 48.

[Wi44] Wideröe, R.: Report on visits at BBC Weinheim from April 27 to 29, 1944, dated May 1, 1944; ETH-Libr. Hs 903: 62 and 63.

[Wi46] Wideröe, R.: `Anordnung zur Beschleunigung von elektrisch geladenen Teilchen' (theory of the synchrotron), Norwegian Patent (No. 76,696) submitted on Jan. 31, 1946, in Germany on Nov. 9, 1948 (No. 847,318), published on June 26, 1952.

[Wi47a] Wideröe, R.: `European Induction accelerators', Journ. of Appl. Physics, 18, 783 (1947), some remarks on [Ka47].

[Wi47b] Wideröe, R.: `The Gigator - a Proposed New Circular Accelerator for Heavy Particles', Phys. Rev. 72, 978 (1947).

[Wi49] Wideröe, R. (BBC): `Einrichtung zur Beschleunigung von elektrisch geladenen Teilchen' (betatron) German-patent No.856 491, published Nov. 20, 1952; submitted first in Switzerland on Sept. 25, 1949.

[Wi52] Wideröe, R.: German patent on beam extraction, Nr. 954,814; submitted Nov.4, 1952, issued Dec.20, 1956.

[Wi53] Wideröe, R.: `Das Betatron', Z. f. angewandte Physik, 5, 187200 (1953) (with many references).

[Wi56] Wideröe, R.: Discussion, Proc. Int. Conf. on High Energy Accelerators, Geneva, Vol.1, p.97-98(1956).

[Wi59] Wideröe, R.: `Physik und Technik der Megavoltbestrahlung', in `Strahlenbiologie - Ergebnisse 1952-1958' edited by H.R.Schinz:, Thieme Verl. 1959, p. 289-360, 92 refs.

[Wi62] Wideröe, R.: `Grundlage und Technik der Megavolttherapie', Ärztliche Forschung, 16, I/598-I/614 (1962).

[Wi64] Wideröe, R.: `Die ersten zehn Jahre der Mehrfachbeschleunigung', (talk given in Jena) Wissensch. Zeitschr. der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 13, 431-436 (1964).

[Wi70] Wideröe, R.: Collection of Publications, Manuscripts and Patents, 17 Volumes, History of Science Collections, ETH-Libr. Zurich: No. R 1970/461: 1-17 (Hs). Many additional documents are conserved in the same collection.

[Wi84] Wideröe, R.: `Some Memories and Dreams from the Childhood of Particle Accelerators', Europhysics News, 15, 911 (1984).

[Wi90] Wideröe, R.: `Zweikomponententheorie und Strahlentherapie', Lecture at Paul-Scherrer-Inst., Villigen, 1988, published in Strahlenther. Onkoll 166, 311-316 (1990).

[Wi91] Wideröe, R.: Manuscripts; interview with Aaserud and Vaagen (Oslo) on July 11, 1983 (76 pages), plus their article [Aa83] (20 pages); German and Norwegian versions at the ETH-Libr. Zurich; 62 letters to P. Waloschek (1990-1994).

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Note: Some of the references were used to compile this report but are not explicitly quoted in the text.